In Vivo Dynamic Function of Lower Extremity Human Biarticular Muscles as Measured by Novel Electrical Stimulation Protocols Juxtaposed to Computational Perturbation Studies

Dynamic muscle functions remain elusive in spite of tremendous advances in the areas of computer simulation and dynamical systems analysis. Forward dynamic simulations of movement provide a general description of dynamic muscle function but are dependent on the performance criterion assumed, the complexity of the underlying biomechanical model, and assumptions made regarding properties of the system (segment inertias, joint degrees of freedom, muscle moment arms and passive structures involved). This dissertation presents two electrical stimulation methodologies for the evaluation of dynamic muscle function: one stimulates the limb from a static posture, the other stimulates the muscle during gait. These methodologies are used to assess the dynamic function of the biarticular rectus femoris and semitendinosus muscles in walking. The results confirm some of the non-intuitive predictions reached via dynamic simulations but also point out their limitations. More importantly, they inform the biomechanical research community (clinicians and engineers) of the influence of these muscles' normal activity on hip and knee angles during phases of the gait cycle, while acknowledging the possibility that the electrical stimulation paradigm may have some limitations of its own

Year	Entry
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Year

Entry

1992

Perry J. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated; 1992.

1996

Piazza SJ, Delp SL. The influence of muscles on knee flexion during the swing phase of gait. J Biomech. June 1996;29(6):723-733.

2007

Erdemir A, McLean S, Herzog W, van den Bogert AJ. Model-based estimation of muscle forces exerted during movements. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 2007;22(2):131-154.

2000

DeVita P, Hortobagyi T. Age causes a redistribution of joint torques and powers during gait. J Appl Physiol. May 2000;88(5):1804-1811.

2000

Bauby CE, Kuo AD. Active control of lateral balance in human walking. J Biomech. November 2000;33(11):1433-1440.