Correlations between stiffness and the chemical constituents of cartilage on the human femoral head

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Kempson, G. E.¹; Muir, Helen²; Swanson, S. A. V.¹; Freeman, M. A. R.¹

Correlations between stiffness and the chemical constituents of cartilage on the human femoral head

Biochim Biophys Acta. July 21, 1970;215(1):70-77

©1970 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Affiliations

¹The Biomechanics Unit, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, S.W. 7.

²The Kennedy Inslitute, Bute Gardens, London, W.6. (England)
Abstract

A method is described, in outline, for measuring the compressive stiffness of articular cartilage on the human femoral head, in vitro. Indentations were measured normal to the articular surface, and from these measurements creep moduli were calculated at 2 sec after application of the load. Correlations between the stiffness and the following quantities were determined: (1) Total glycosaminoglycan content, (2) chondroitin sulphate content, (3) ‘keratin sulphate’ content, and (4) collagen content. These quantities were determined from chemical analyses of the indented areas of cartilage and expressed as a percentage of the dry weight.

The following observations were made: there was a statistically significant correlation between the stiffness, expressed as the creep modulus, and the total glycosaminoglycan content. Approximately equal correlation coefficients were recorded between the stiffness and chondroitin sulphate and ‘keratan sulphate’ content respectively; however, at a given concentration, the influence of ‘keratin sulphate’, on the stiffness, was greater than that of chondroitin sulphate. In contrast, the correlation between stiffness and collagen content was considerably less significant.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90388-0

PubMed: 4250263
History

Received: 1970-03-9

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1969	Maroudas A, Muir H, Wingham J. The correlation of fixed negative charge with glycosaminoglycan content of human articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 6, 1969;177(3):492-500.
1968	Kempson GE, Freeman MAR, Swanson SAV. Tensile properties of articular cartilage. Nature. December 14, 1968;220(5172):1127-1128.

Cited By (48)

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1979	Muir IHM. Biochemistry. In: Freeman MAR, ed. Adult Articular Cartilage. 2nd ed. Kent, England: Pitman Medical; 1979:145-214.
1990	Mow VC, Hou JS, Owens JM, Ratcliffe A. Biphasic and quasilinear viscoelastic theories for hydrated soft tissues. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:215-260.
1973	Lavigne AB, Watkins RP. Preliminary results on immobilisation-induced stiffness of monkey knee joints and posterior capsule. In: Kenedi RM, ed. Perspectives in Biomedical Engineering: Proceedings of a Symposium Organised in Association With the Biological Engineering Society and Held in the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, June 1972. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press; 1973:177-179.
1988	Eggli PS, Hunzinker EB, Schenk RK. Quantitation of structural features characterizing weight- and less-weight-bearing regions in articular cartilage: a stereological analysis of medical femoral condyles in young adult rabbits. Anat Rec. November 1988;222(3):217-227.
1983	Muir H. Proteoglycans as organizers of the intercellular matrix. Biochem Soc Trans. December 1983;11(6):613-622.
1976	Kempson GE, Tuke MA, Dingle JT, Barrett AJ, Horsefield PH. The effects of proteolytic enzymes on the mechanical properties of adult human articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 28, 1976;428(3):741-760.
1978	Caterson B, Lowther DA. Changes in the metabolism of the proteoglycans from sheep articular cartilage in response to mechanical stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. May 17, 1978;540(3):412-422.
2004	Stolz M, Raiteri R, Daniels AU, VanLandingham MR, Baschong W, Aebi U. Dynamic elastic modulus of porcine articular cartilage determined at two different levels of tissue organization by indentation-type atomic force microscopy. Biophys J. May 2004;86(5):3269-3283.
1986	Jurvelin J, Kiviranta I, Tammi M, Helminen JH. Softening of canine articular cartilage after immobilization of the knee joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. June 1986;207:246-252.
1995	Athanasiou KA, Agarwal A, Muffoletto A, Dzida FJ, Constantinides G, Clem M. Biomechanical properties of hip cartilage in experimental animal models. Clin Orthop Relat Res. July 1995;316:254-266.
1971	Kempson GE, Freeman MAR, Swanson SAV. The determination of a creep modulus for articular cartilage from indentation tests on the human femoral head. J Biomech. July 1971;4(4):239-250.
1971	Kempson GE, Spivey CJ, Swanson SAV, Freeman MAR. Patterns of cartilage stiffness on normal and degenerate human femoral heads. J Biomech. December 1971;4(6):597-609.
1976	Hori RY, Mockros LF. Indentation tests of human articular cartilage. J Biomech. 1976;9(4):259-268.
2000	Li LP, Buschmann MD, Shirazi-Adl A. A fibril reinforced nonhomogeneous poroelastic model for articular cartilage: inhomogeneous response in unconfined compression. J Biomech. December 2000;33(12):1533-1541.
2004	Ateshian GA, Chahine NO, Basalo IM, Hung CT. The correspondence between equilibrium biphasic and triphasic material properties in mixture models of articular cartilage. J Biomech. March 2004;37(3):391-400.
2023	McCreery KP, Luetkemeyer CM, Calve S, Neu CP. Hyperelastic characterization reveals proteoglycans drive the nanoscale strain-stiffening response in hyaline cartilage. J Biomech. January 2023;146:111397.
1986	Mak AF. The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage: the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. J Biomech Eng. May 1986;108(2):123-130.
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