Comparison of impact kinematics between non‐obese and obese occupants in frontal and lateral impacts

wbldb

Kitagawa, Yuichi¹; Hayashi, Shigeki²; Yasuki, Tsuyoshi²

Comparison of impact kinematics between non‐obese and obese occupants in frontal and lateral impacts

Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury

Affiliations

¹Advanced CAE Division at TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION, Japan

²TOYOTA, Japan
Abstract and keywords

An obese occupant model was generated by adding subcutaneous fat and visceral fat to the THUMS Version 4 AM50 occupant model. The model represents an adult person with a Body Mass Index of 35 while the THUMS Version 4 AM50 has a Body Mass Index of 24 (non‐obese). Using the non‐obese and obese occupant models, vehicle frontal impact simulations were conducted assuming a collision speed of 56 km/h and pole side impact simulations were conducted assuming a collision speed of 32 km/h. In the frontal impact, the obese occupant exhibited a greater forward excursion than the non‐obese. In the pole side impact, relatively large deflections were found in the superior ribs of the obese occupant. The large body mass of the obese occupant commonly increased the kinetic energy in both collisions. Besides the body mass, the thick soft tissue of the obese occupant influenced the impact kinematics and responses. The thick soft tissue in the inferior abdomen delayed the pelvis engagement with the lap belt in the frontal impact, while it induced greater rib deflection in the pole side impact around the upper arm. This paper also refers to a modelling challenge in connecting the soft tissue and the ribcage.

Keywords: body mass index, human body FE model, obese occupant, vehicle collision simulation
Links

URL: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc17/pdf-files/19.pdf

Cited Works (13)

Year	Entry
2005	Kent R, Lee S-H, Darvish K, Wang S, Poster CS, Lange AW, Brede C, Lange D, Matsuoka F. Structural and material changes in the aging thorax and their role in crash protection for older occupants. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2005;49:231-249. SAE 2005-22-0011.
2013	Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Correlation among seatbelt load, chest deflection, rib fracture and internal organ strain in frontal collisions with human body finite element models. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.282-316.
2015	Shi X, Cao L, Reed MP, Rupp JD, Hu J. Effects of obesity on occupant responses in frontal crashes: a simulation analysis using human body models. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2015;18(12):1280-1292.
1974	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-457. SAE 741187.
2013	Ida H, Aoki M, Asaoka M, Mizuno K, Hitosugi M. Analysis of abdominal injuries in obese and nonobese restrained occupants. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2011	Watanabe R, Miyazaki H, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Research of collision speed dependency of pedestrian head and chest injuries using human FE model (THUMS version 4). In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
1971	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax. In: Proceedings of the 15th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1971; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:84-134. SAE 710851.
2002	Mock C, Grossman D, Kaufman R, Mack C, Rivara F. The relationship between body weight and risk of death and serious injury in motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev. March 2002;34(2):221-228.
2009	Forman J, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Lessley D, Kindig M, Kent R, Bostrom O. The effect of obesity on the restraint of automobile occupants. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.25-40.
2009	Shigeta K, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Development of next generation human FE model capable of organ injury prediction. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2016	Lee D, Lee I, Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim T, Shaw G. A parametric study of submarining for obese female passengers using morphed human body models. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. May 16-18, 2016; Seoul, South Korea.72-73.
2015	Joodaki H, Forman J, Forghani A, Overby B, Kent R, Crandall J, Beahlen B, Beebe M, Bostrom O. Comparison of kinematic behaviour of a first generation obese dummy and obese PMHS in frontal sled tests. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.454-466.
2008	Michaelson J, Forman J, Kent R, Kuppa S. Rear seat occupant safety: kinematics and injury of PMHS restrained by a standard 3-point belt in frontal crashes. Stapp Car Crash J. 2008;52:295-325. SAE 2008-22-0012.

Cited By (3)

Year	Entry
2019	Sun Z, Gepner B, Kerrigan J. New approaches in modeling belt-flesh-pelvis interaction using obese GHBMC models. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2018	Gepner BD, Joodaki H, Sun Z, Jayathirtha M, Kim T, Forman JL, Kerrigan JR. Performance of the obese GHBMC models in the sled and belt pull test conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.355-368.
2020	Sun Z, Gepner BD, Lee S-H, Rigby J, Singh N, Kerrigan JR. Determination of strain rate in modelling belt-flesh-pelvis interaction during frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Beijing, China.130-133.