A new theory on the dynamics of brain concussion and brain injury

Gross, Arthur G.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Gross Research Laboratories, Inc., Inglewood, California

Links

DOI: 10.3171/jns.1958.15.5.0548

PubMed: 13576198

WoS: A1958WG96400009

History

Received: 1957-09-09

Cited Works (3)

Year	Entry
1943	Holbourn AHS. Mechanics of head injuries. Lancet. October 9, 1943;242(6267):438-441.
1944	Walker AE, Kollros JJ, Case TJ. The physiological basis of concussion. J Neurosurg. March 1944;1(2):103-116.
1941	Denny-Brown D, Russell WR. Experimental cerebral concussion. Brain. September 1941;64(2-3):93-164.

Cited By (42)

Year	Entry
1973	McElhaney JH, Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL. Biomechanical aspects of head injury. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:85-112.
1997	Ruan JS, Khalil TB, King AI. Impact head injury analysis using an explicit finite element human head model. J Traffic Med. 1997;25(1-2):33-40.
2005	Wang F, Lee HP, Lu C, Cheng QH. Evaluation of human head injury in tracked vehicle subjected to mine blast. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:273-280. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
1970	Unterharnscheidt FJ. Discussion. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:43-62.
1970	Hodgson VR. Physical factors related to experimental concussion. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:275-302.
1970	Hirsch AE, Ommaya AK, Mahone RH. Tolerance of subhuman primate brain to cerebral concussion. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:352-369.
1972	Goldsmith W. Biomechanics of head injury. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds. Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives; July 29-31, 1970. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Inc., Prentice-Hall International; 1972:585-634.
1975	Stålhammar D, Olsson Y. Experimental brain damage from fluid pressure due to impact acceleration: study of effects of "contre-coup type" pressure changes intracranially in rabbits. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.164-176.
1989	Rojanavanich V, Stalnaker RL. Sensitivity analysis for the translational energy criteria: overall head injuries. In: Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 13-15, 1989; Stockholm, Sweden.13-25.
1992	Willinger R, Kopp CM, Césari D. New concept of contrecoup lesion mechanism: modal analysis of a finite element model of the head. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.283-297.
1967	Hodgson VR, Gurdjian ES, Thomas LM. The development of a model for the study of head injury. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:432-443. SAE 670923.
1968	Douglass JM, Nahum AM, Roberts SB. Applications of experimental head injury research. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:317-337. SAE 680786.
1968	Thomas LM, Sezgin Y, Hodgson VR, Cheng LK, Gurdjian ES. Static deformation and volume changes in the human skull. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:260-270. SAE 680782.
2001	Zhang L, Yang KH, Dwarampudi R, Omori K, Li T, Chang K, Hardy WN, Khalil TB, King AI. Recent advances in brain injury research: a new human head model development and validation. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:369-394. SAE 2001-22-0017.
2006	Kimpara H, Nakahira Y, Iwamoto M, Miki K, Ichihara K, Kawano S-i, Taguchi T. Investigation of anteroposterior head-neck responses during severe frontal impacts using a brain-spinal cord complex FE model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:509-544. SAE 2006-22-0019.
2015	Iwamoto M, Nakahira Y. Development and validation of the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) version 5 containing multiple 1D muscles for estimating occupant motions with muscle activation during side impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2015;59:53-90.
2012	Panzer MB, Myers BS, Capehart BP, Bass CR. Development of a finite element model for blast brain injury and the effects of CSF cavitation. Ann Biomed Eng. July 2012;40(7):1530-1544.
1976	King AI, Chou CC. Mathematical modelling, simulation and experimental testing of biomechanical system crash response. J Biomech. 1976;9(5):301-317.
1980	Lubock P, Goldsmith W. Experimental cavitation studies in a model head-neck system. J Biomech. 1980;13(12):1041-1052.
1994	Chu C-S, Lin M-S, Huang H-M, Lee M-C. Finite element analysis of cerebral contusion. J Biomech. February 1994;27(2):187-194.
1966	Thomas LM, Roberts VL, Gurdjian ES. Experimental intracranial pressure gradients in the human skull. J Neurol Neutrosurg Psychiatry. 1966;29(5):404-411.
1986	Barnes K, Bell N, Vasilliou D, Firth JL. Medical aspects of head protection at work. J Occupat Accidents. 1986;8(3):173-180.
1976	Gurdjian ES, Gurdjian ES. Cerebral contusions: re-evaluation of the mechanism of their development. J Trauma. January 1976;16(1):35-51.
2005	Viano DC, Casson IR, Pellman EJ, Zhang L, King AI, Yang KH. Concussion in professional football: brain responses by finite element analysis: part 9. Neurosurgery. November 2005;57(5):891-916.
2012	Post A, Hoshizaki TB. Mechanisms of brain impact injuries and their prediction: a review. Trauma. October 2012;14(4):327-349.
2012	Panzer MB. Numerical Simulation of Primary Blast Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 2012.
2019	Yu AW. Blast-Induced Neurotrauma and the Cavitation Mechanism of Injury [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2019.
2021	Eckersley C. Cavitation in Blunt Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2021.
2010	Delye H. Better Bicycle Head Protection by Improving the Knowledge of the Biomechanics of Head Injuries [PhD thesis]. Leuven, Belgium: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; March 2010.
2014	Patton DA. The Biomechanical Determinants of Sports-Related Concussion: Finite Element Simulations of Unhelmeted Head Impacts to Evaluate Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury and Investigate the Design Implications for Soft-Shell Headgear [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
2012	Oeur A. An Analysis of Head Impact Angle on the Dynamic Response of a Hybrid III Headform and Brain Tissue Deformation [Master's thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; December 2012.
2013	Post A. The Influence of Dynamic Response Characteristics on Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2013.
2018	Oeur RA. The Effects of Reconstructed Head Impact Event Parameters on Risk of Sport Related Concussions [PhD thesis]. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa; 2018.
2016	Boruah S. A Viscoelastic Model for High Strain Rate Loading of the Human Calvarium [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2016.
1968	Hodgson VR. Head Impact Response of Several Mammals Including the Human Cadaver [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1968.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
1995	Zhou C. Finite Element Modeling of Impact Response of an Inhomogeneous Brain [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1995.
2007	Hardy WN. Response of the Human Cadaver Head to Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2007.
2011	Sharma S. Biomechanical Analysis of Blast Induced Traumatic Brain Injury: A Finite Element Modeling and Validation Study of Blast Effects on Human Brain [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2011.
2023	Lyu D. Investigation of Biomechanical Thresholds of Mild to Severe Brain Injury Using an Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Finite Element Head Model: Model Development and Simulation of Impact Injury and Blast Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2023.
1969	Stalnaker RL. Mechanical Properties of the Head [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; 1969.
2000	Aida T. Study of Human Head Impact: Brain Tissue Constitutive Models [PhD thesis]. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia University; May 2000.