The development of a model for the study of head injury

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Hodgson, V. R.¹; Gurdjian, E. S.¹; Thomas, L. M.¹

The development of a model for the study of head injury

Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹Wayne State University
Abstract

Experiments have revealed that the brain of the experimental animal behaves elastically in response to dynamic forces in situ. The response of the skull of the human cadaver has been investigated by means of static load-deflection tests and impact and mechanical impedance tests. This information has been used to construct a two-dimensional head model consisting of a polyester resin shell reinforced with fiberglas with plexiglass sides; a clear silicone gel brain; and spinal cord simulated by a plexiglass tube containing silicone gel supported by a piston-spring assembly. Several frames taken from motion pictures recorded at 7,000 frames/sec. show how pressure gradients in the model are displayed by observing the growth and location of bubbles during impact.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/670923

SAE: 670923

Cited Works (5)

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Cited By (13)

Year	Entry
1970	Hodgson VR. Physical factors related to experimental concussion. In: Gurdjian ES, Lange WA, Patrick LM, Thomas LM, eds. Impact Injury and Crash Protection. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1970:275-302.
1992	Hardy WN, King AI. Development of a rigid body kinematics transducer array (RBKTA) and a miniature triaxial neutral density cranial accelerometer (NDA). In: Proceedings of the 2nd Injury Prevention Through Biomechanics Symposium. April 10-11, 1992; Detroit, MI.129-146.
1985	Margulies SS, Thibault LE, Gennarelli TA. A study of scaling and head injury criteria using physical model experiments. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.223-234.
1968	Douglass JM, Nahum AM, Roberts SB. Applications of experimental head injury research. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:317-337. SAE 680786.
1968	Hodgson VR, Patrick LM. Dynamic response of the human cadaver head compared to a simple mathematical model. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:280-301. SAE 680784.
1969	Brinn J. Two anthropometric test forms: the frontal bone of the skull and a typical facial bone. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:381-399. SAE 690816.
1997	Irwin A, Mertz HJ. Biomechanical basis for the CRABI and Hybrid III child dummies. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 973317.
2004	Prange MT, Luck JF, Dibb A, Van Ee CA, Nightingale RW, Myers BS. Mechanical properties and anthropometry of the human infant head. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:279-299. SAE 2004-22-0013.
2017	Butz K, Spurlock C, Roy R, Bell C, Barrett P, Ward A, Xiao X, Shirley A, Welch C, Liste K. Development of the CAVEMAN human body model: validation of lower extremity sub-injurious response to vertical accelerative loading. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2017;61:175-209. SAE 2017-22-0006.
2011	Loyd AM. Studies of the Human Head from Neonate to Adult: An Inertial, Geometrical and Structural Analysis With Comparisons to the ATD Head [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2008	Fijalkowski RJ. Rotational Acceleration Pulse Characteristics Affect Mild Diffuse Brain Injury Severity [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2008.
2014	Patton DA. The Biomechanical Determinants of Sports-Related Concussion: Finite Element Simulations of Unhelmeted Head Impacts to Evaluate Kinematic and Tissue-Level Predictors of Injury and Investigate the Design Implications for Soft-Shell Headgear [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
1968	Hodgson VR. Head Impact Response of Several Mammals Including the Human Cadaver [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1968.