The enigma of whiplash injuries

States, John D.; Korn, Martin W.; Masengill, James B.

Affiliations

¹University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1967	Ommaya AK, Yarnell P, Hirsch AE, Harris EH. Scaling of experimental data on cerebral concussion in sub-human primates to concussion threshold for man. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:73-80. SAE 670906.
1955	Severy DM, Mathewson JH, Bechtol CO. Controlled automobile rearend collisions, an investigation of related engineering and medical phenomena. Can Serv Med J. November 1955;11(10):727-759.
1965	MacNab I. Whiplash injuries of the neck. In: 9th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 22-23, 1965; Rochester, MN.11-15.
1968	Ewing CL, Thomas DJ, Beeler GW Jr, Patrick LM, Gillis DB. Dynamic response of the head and neck of the living human to —G_x impact acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 22-23, 1968; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:424-439. SAE 680792.
1967	Mertz HJ Jr, Patrick LM. Investigation of the kinematics and kinetics of whiplash. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:267-317. SAE 670919.

Cited By (23)

Year	Entry
1982	Kahane CJ. An Evaluation of Head Restraints: Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 202. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Dept of Transportation; February 1982. NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 806 108.
1993	McConnell WE, Howard RP, Guzman HM, Bomar JB, Raddin JH, Benedict JV, Smith HL, Hatsell CP. Analysis of human test subject kinematic responses to low velocity rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. March 1-5, 1993; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:21-30. SAE 930889.
1993	Scott MW, McConnell WE, Guzman HM, Howard RP, Bomar JB, Smith HL, Benedict JV, Raddin JH, Hatsell CP. Comparison of human and ATD head kinematics during low-speed rearend impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. March 1-5, 1993; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 930094.
1973	States JD. Trauma evaluation needs. In: King WF, Mertz HJ, eds. Human Impact Response: Measurement and Simulation. Proceedings of the Symposium on Human Impact Response held at the General Motors Research Laboratorie; October 2-3, 1972; Warren, MI. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1973:3-16.
1993	Svensson MY, Lovsund P, Håland Y, Larsson S. Rear-end collisions: a study of the influence of backrest properties on head-neck motion using a new dummy neck. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. March 1-5, 1993; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 930343.
1970	Nelson CL. Detection of soft-tissue injuries of the cervical spine. In: 14th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). November 19-20, 1970; Ann Arbor, MI.47-62.
1987	Patrick LM. Neck injury incidence, mechanisms and protection. In: 31st Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 28-30, 1987; New Orleans, LA.409-431.
1996	Krafft M, Thomas A, Nygren A, Lie A, Tingvall C. Whiplash associated disorder: factors influencing the incidence in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1426-1432.
1975	Burow K. Zur Wirkung von Scherkraften bei der Entstehung von Schleuderverletzungen der Halswirbelsaule. In: Proceedings of the 1975 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1975; Birmingham, UK.177-186.
1982	Thomas C, Faverjon G, Hartemann F, Tarriere C, Patel A, Got C. Protection against rear-end accidents. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.17-29.
1992	Svensson MY, Lövsund P. A dummy for rear-end collisions: development and validation of a new dummy-neck. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.299-310.
1993	Svensson MY, Lövsund P, Håland Y, Larsson S. The influence of seat-back and head-restraint properties on the head-neck motion during rear-impact. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.395-405.
1985	Carlsson G, Nilsson S, Nilsson-Ehle A, Norin H, Ysander L, Örtengren R. Neck injuries in rear end car collisions: biomechanical considerations to improve head restraints. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.277-289.
2001	Welcher JB, Szabo TJ. Relationships between seat properties and human subject kinematics in rear impact tests. Accid Anal Prev. May 2001;33(3):289-304.
1972	O'Neill B, Haddon W Jr, Kelley AB, Sorenson WW. Automobile head restraints: frequency of neck injury claims in relation to the presence of head restraints. Am J Public Health. March 1972;62(3):399-406.
2000	Luan F, Yang KH, Deng B, Begeman PC, Tashman S, King AI. Qualitative analysis of neck kinematics during low-speed rear-end impact. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). November 2000;15(9):649-657.
1987	Deans GT, Magalliard JN, Kerr M, Rutherford WH. Neck sprain: a major cause of disability following car accidents. Injury. 1987;18(1):10-12.
2003	Viano DC. Seat influences on female neck responses in rear crashes: a reason why women have higher whiplash rates. Traffic Inj Prev. 2003;4(3):228-239.
2008	Linder A, Carlsson A, Svensson MY, Siegmund GP. Dynamic responses of female and male volunteers in rear impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2008;9(6):592-599.
2012	Carlsson A. Addressing Female Whiplash Injury Protection: A Step Towards 50th Percentile Female Rear Impact Occupant Models [PhD thesis]. Gothenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2012.
1999	Winkelstein BA. A Mechanical Basis for Whiplash Injury: The Cervical Facet Joint, Spinal Motion Segment, and Combined Loading [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 1999.
2004	Stemper BD. Whiplash Affects Cervical Spine Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Wilwaukee, WI: Marquette University; May 2004.
2009	DeRosia JJ. Role of Gender and Size in Biomechanics of Rear Impact Wilwaukee, WI: Marquette University; May 2009.