Experimental evaluation of human facial tolerance to injuries

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Cesari, Dominique¹; Ramet, Michelle¹; Welbourne, Eric²

Experimental evaluation of human facial tolerance to injuries

Proceedings of the 1989 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹INRETS-LCB BRON, FRANCE

²TRANSPORT CANADA OTTAWA
Abstract

Facial injuries remain an important problem for restrained drivers involved in frontal accidents. This paper analyses the data available from impact biomechanics literature dealing with human tolerance to facial injuries, compares the results of a new series of cadaver facial tests with the proposed limits for the tolerance, and proposes tolerance values for other facial impact locations.

The last part deals with the methods for facial injury protection assessment

Cited Works (8)

Year	Entry
1989	Walfisch G, Pouget D, Thomas C, Tarrière C. Head risks in frontal impacts: similarities and differences between tests and real-life situations. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.563-569.
1989	Welbourne ER, Ramet M, Zarebski M. A comparison of human facial fracture tolerance with the performance of a surrogate test device. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.603-607.
1981	Tarrière C, Leung YC, Fayon A, Got C, Patel A, Banzet P. Field facial injuries and study of their simulation with dummy. In: Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference. September 28-30, 1981; San Francisco, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:435-468. SAE 811013.
1984	Newman JA, Gallup BM. Biofidelity improvements to the Hybrid III headform. In: Proceedings of the 28th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 6-7, 1984; Chicago, IL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:87-99. SAE 841659.
1986	Nyquist GW, Cavanaugh JM, Goldberg SJ, King AI. Facial impact tolerance and response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:379-400. SAE 861896.
1989	Planath I, Cesari D, Nilsson S. Facial fracture protection criteria for the Hybrid III load sensing face. In: 33rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 1989; Baltimore, MD.383-397.
1989	Melvin JW, Shee TR. Facial injury assessment techniques. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.608-617.
1987	Otte D, Südkamp N, Appel H. Residual injuries to restrained car occupants in front- and rear-seat positions. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.211-219.

Cited By (6)

Year	Entry
2000	Bruyere K, Bermond F, Bouquet R, Caire Y, Ramet M, Voïglio E. Human maxilla bone response to 30° oriented impacts and comparison with frontal bone impacts. In: 44th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 2000; Chicago, IL.
2010	Cormier J, Manoogian S, Bisplinghoff J, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Duma S, Bolte J IV. The tolerance of the nasal bone to blunt impact. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.3-13.
2003	van Don B, van Ratingen M, Bermond F, Masson C, Vezin P, Hynd D, Owen C, Martinez L, Knack S, Schaefer R. Biofidelity impact response requirements for an advanced mid-sized male crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2009	Cormier J, Bisplinghoff J, Manoogian S, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Bolte J, Duma S. The tolerance and response of the frontal bone to blunt impact. In: Proceedings of the 5th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2009; Columbus, OH.
2011	Cormier J, Manoogian S, Bisplinghoff J, Rowson S, Santago A, McNally C, Duma S, Bolte J IV. The tolerance of the frontal bone to blunt impact. J Biomech Eng. February 2011;133(2):021004.
2009	Cormier JM. Epidemiology and Biomechanical Analysis of Facial Fractures [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; February 6, 2009.