Test program to define oblique chest loading in side impact

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Pintar, Frank¹; Humm, John¹; Yoganandan, Narayan¹; Martin, Peter G.²

Test program to define oblique chest loading in side impact

Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)

Affiliations

¹Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

²National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, D.C., USA
Abstract

Near side impact crashes – especially pole impacts – have the potential to induce antero-lateral oblique loads to the chest. Current side impact dummies and most laboratory experimental studies have been designed to assess direct lateral impacts. A recent analysis of real world crashes indicated that the human chest experiences oblique loading in side impact crashes – in particular crashes into narrow objects. This paper describes the development of a new sled test program to determine the oblique impact response of the human and to evaluate dummy biofidelity in an oblique mode of loading. The program involves the use of chestbands on dummies in full-scale vehicle tests accompanied by sled tests with unembalmed post mortem human subjects (PMHS). Sled tests are run under varying load wall conditions with a buck configured specially to mimic dummy loading seen in the vehicle tests. The chestbands provide comparative measures of thoracic deformation. Ultimately, the chestband measures will help establish the instrumentation requirements of an ATD for use in a side impact test with a significant oblique component. Additionally, this work could help introduce more biofidelic injury metrics for side impact ATDs.
Links

URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv21/09-0557.pdf

Cited Works (10)

Year	Entry
1996	Yoganandan N, Morgan RM, Eppinger RH, Pintar FA, Sances A, Williams A. Mechanisms of thoracic injury in frontal impact. J Biomech Eng. November 1996;118(4):595-597.
2008	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Deflections from two types of human surrogates in oblique side impacts. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.301-313.
1993	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Skrade D, Chmiel W, Reinartz JM, Sances A Jr. Thoracic biomechanics with air bag restraint. In: Proceedings of the 37th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 7-8, 1993; San Antonio, TX. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:133-144. SAE 933121.
2007	Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Yoganandan N. Occupant dynamics and injuries in narrow-object side impact. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2002	Maltese MR, Eppinger RH, Rhule HH, Donnelly BR, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Response corridors of human surrogates in lateral impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:321-351. SAE 2002-22-0017.
2008	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Maiman DJ. Injury mechanisms and severity in narrow offset frontal impacts. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.185-189.
2000	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Maltese MR. Patterns of abdominal injuries in frontal and side impacts. In: 44th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 2-4, 2000; Chicago, IL.
1997	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Hines MH, Maltese MR, McFadden J, Saul R, Eppinger R, Khaewpong N, Kleinberger M. Chestband analysis of human tolerance to side impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:63-74. SAE 973320.
1996	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Sances A Jr, Eppinger RH. Instrumentation of human surrogates for side impact. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:29-42. SAE 962412.
2002	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA, Maltese MR, Eppinger RH. Biofidelity evaluation of recent side impact dummies. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.

Cited By (6)

Year	Entry
2017	Pal C, Hirayama S, Narahari S, Jeyabharath M, Prakash G, Kulothungan V, Combest J. Sensitivity analysis of injury pattern for passenger vehicle’s drivers in C2C collisions at intersection. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2019	Pal C, Hirayama S, Hayashi S, Jeyabharath M, Kulothungan V. Real world accident analysis of car-to-car intersection near-side impacts: focus on pelvis injury. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2014	Rhule H, Suntay B, Herriott R, Stricklin J, Kang Y, Bolte JH IV. Response of the PMHS thorax in lateral and oblique pneumatic ram impacts: investigation of impact speed, impact location and impact face. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.506-527.
2023	Tesny AC, Fibbi C, Kang YS, Agnew AM, Baker GH, Zaragoza-Rivera Y, Shurtz B, Pipkorn B, Rhule H, Moorhouse K, Markusic C, Malcolm S, Bolte J IV. Evaluation of 5th percentile female ATDs in near-side impact scenarios compared to elderly PMHS. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-165, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.160-183.
2010	Trosseille X, Petitjean A. Sensitivity of the WorldSID 50th and ES-2re thoraces to loading configuration. Stapp Car Crash J. 2010;54:259-287. SAE 2010-22-0013.
2011	Rhule H, Suntay B, Herriott R, Amenson T, Stricklin J, Bolte JH IV. Response of PMHS to high- and low-speed oblique and lateral pneumatic ram impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:281-315.