Evaluation of pelvic fracture tolerance in side impact

wbldb

Cesari, Dominique¹; Ramet, Michelle¹; Clair, Pierre-Yves¹

Evaluation of pelvic fracture tolerance in side impact

Proceedings of the 24th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations
Organisme National De Securite Routier, Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomécanique, Bron, France
Abstract

Pelvic fracture is a typical lesion sustained by the occupant of a vehicle involved in a lateral impact collision who is seated on the impact side. If this fracture is generally not severe by itself, it is nevertheless often associated with severe abdominal lesions.

Study of injury mechanisms in lateral impact collisions shows that there are two ways of ensuring a better protection of the occupant in this type of accident: first by preventing intrusion so that the contact velocity "occupant/inner door" is decreased, secondly by absorbing the shock of the occupant against the inner door, especially at pelvis and thorax levels.

It is necessary to have a good knowledge of human tolerance to fracture of the considered body segment in order to determine the mechanical properties of the padding material.

The aim of this study is to determine the tolerance of the human pelvis. This study takes into account results of 36 impact tests against the pelvis of 10 cadavers and proposes injury criteria values to characterize the risk of pelvic fracture.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/801306

SAE: 801306

Cited By (31)

Year	Entry
1991	Huelke DF, Compton TW, Compton CP. Lower extremity injuries in frontal crashes: injuries, locations, AIS and contacts. 1991. SAE 910811.
2006	Li Z. Finite Element Modeling of the Human Pelvis: Applications to Automobile Side Impact and Periacetabular Lesions [PhD thesis]. Birmingham, AB: University of Alabama; 2006.
2015	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Normalization and scaling for human response corridors and development of injury risk curves. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:769-792.
1998	Guillemot H, Got C, Besnault B, Lavaste F, Robin S, Le Coz JY, Lassau J-P. Pelvic behavior in side collisions: static and dynamic tests on isolated pelvic bones. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1412-1424.
2001	Maeno T, Hasegawa J. Development of a finite element model of the total human model for safety (THUMS) and application to car-pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2003	Hautmann E, Scherer R, Akiyama A, Page M, Xu L, Kostyniuk G, Sakurai M, Bortenschlager K, Harigae T, Tylko S. Updated biofidelity rating of the revised WorldSID prototype dummy. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2011	Lubbe N, Hikichi H, Takahashi H, Davidsson J. Review of the Euro NCAP upper leg test. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
1982	Cesari D, Ramet M, Bouquet R. Tolerance of human pelvis to fracture and proposed pelvic protection criterion to be measured on side impact dummies. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 1-4, 1982; Kyoto, Japan.261-269.
1985	Haffner M. Synthesis of pelvic fracture criteria for lateral impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.132-152. SAE 856028.
1991	Bendjellal F, Fuld G, Hautmann E, Koch M, Marks H, Pastorino A. EUROSID I and BIOSID impact response characteristics vs. ISO biofidelity requirements. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.871-887.
2004	Etheridge BS, Beason DP, Eberhardt AW. Bone density and trochanteric tissue thickness affect fracture of the female pelvis in side impact experiments. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.127-143.
1990	Roberts AK, Janssen EG, Cesari D. Review of cadaver responses to lateral impact and derived biofidelity targets for dummies. In: Proceedings of the 1990 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 12-14, 1990; Lyon, France.61-100.
2004	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA. Small female-specific biomechanical corridors in side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.137-152.
2015	Poulard D, Chen H, Crandall JR, Dziewoński T, Pędzisz M, Panzer MB. Component‐level biofidelity assessment of morphed pedestrian finite element models. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.577-593.
2016	Peres J, Auer S, Praxl N. Development and comparison of different injury risk functions predicting pelvic fractures in side impact for a Human Body Model. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.661-678.
2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, I: criteria for the head, neck, thorax, abdomen and pelvis. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-0323.
1988	Bendjellal F, Tarrière C, Brun-Cassan F, Forêt-Bruno J-Y, Caillibot P, Gillet D. Comparative evaluation of the biofidelity of EUROSID and SID side impact dummies. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:237-278. SAE 881717.
1990	Cavanaugh JM, Walilko TJ, Malhotra A, Zhu Y, King AI. Biomechanical response and injury tolerance of the pelvis in twelve sled side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 34th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-7, 1990; Orlando, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-12. SAE 902305.
2003	Mertz HJ, Irwin AL, Prasad P. Biomechanical and scaling bases for frontal and side impact injury assessment reference values. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:155-188. SAE 2003-22-0009.
2003	Snedeker JG, Muser MH, Walz FH. Assessment of pelvis and upper leg injury risk in car-pedestrian collisions: comparison of accident statistics, impactor tests and a human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:437-457. SAE 2003-22-0019.
2006	Ruan JS, El-Jawahri R, Rouhana SW, Barbat S, Prasad P. Analysis and evaluation of the biofidelity of the human body finite element model in lateral impact simulations according to ISO-TR9790 procedures. Stapp Car Crash J. 2006;50:491-507. SAE 2006-22-0018.
2007	Leport T, Baudrit P, Trosseille X, Petit P, Palisson A, Vallancien G. Assessment of the pubic force as a pelvic injury criterion in side impact. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:467-488. SAE 2007-22-0019.
2009	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Petit P, Irwin A, Hassan J, Praxl N. Injury risk curves for the worldSID 50th male dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:443-476. SAE 2009-22-0016.
2012	Petitjean A, Trosseille X, Praxl N, Hynd D, Irwin A. Injury risk curves for the WorldSID 50th male dummy. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:323-347.
2015	Petit P, Trosseille X, Lebarbé M, Baudrit P, Potier P, Compigne S, Masuda M, Yamaoka A, Yasuki T, Douard R. A comparison of sacroiliac and pubic rami fracture occurrences in oblique side impact tests on nine post mortem human subjects. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2015;59:23-52.
1989	Viano DC, Lau IV, Asbury C, King AI, Begeman P. Biomechanics of the human chest, abdomen, and pelvis in lateral impact. Accid Anal Prev. 1989;21(6):553-574.
2009	Salzar RS, Genovese D, Bass CR, Bolton JR, Guillemot H, Damon AM, Crandall JR. Load path distribution within the pelvic structure under lateral loading. Int J Crashworthiness. 2009;14(1):99-110.
2003	Beason DP, Dakin GJ, Lopez RR, Alonso JE, Bandak FA, Eberhardt AW. Bone mineral density correlates with fracture load in experimental side impacts of the pelvis. J Biomech. 2003;36(2):219-227.
2014	Yoganandan N, Arun MWJ, Pintar FA. Normalizing and scaling of data to derive human response corridors from impact tests. J Biomech. June 3, 2014;47(8):1749-1756.
2023	Behrens R, Pliske G, Piatek S, Walcher F, Elkmann N. A statistical model to predict the occurrence of blunt impact injuries on the human hand-arm system. J Biomech. April 2023;151:111517.
2017	Kalra A. Development of an Elderly Female Torso Finite Element Model for Restraint System Research and Development Applications [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2017.