Microdamage: Its Role in the Mechanical Integrity of Low Bone Mass Diseases and Its Treatment Implications

Year	Entry
2007	Tang SY, Zeenath U, Vashishth D. Effects of non-enzymatic glycation on cancellous bone fragility. Bone. April 2007;40(4):1144-1151.
2000	Boivin GY, Chavassieux PM, Santora AC, Yates J, Meunier PJ. Alendronate increases bone strength by increasing the mean degree of mineralization of bone tissue in osteoporotic women. Bone. November 2000;27(5):687-694.
2004	Rauch F, Glorieux FH. Osteogenesis imperfecta. Lancet. April 24, 2004;363(9418):1377-1385.
2005	Odvina CV, Zerwekh JE, Rao DS, Maalouf N, Gottschalk FA, Pak CYC. Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. March 2005;90(3):1294-1301.
2000	Timlin JA, Carden A, Morris MD, Rajachar RM, Kohn DH. Raman spectroscopic imaging markers for fatigue-related microdamage in bovine bone. Anal Chem. May 15, 2000;72(10):2229-2236.
2008	Ritchie RO, Koester KJ, Ionova S, Yao W, Lane NE, Ager JW III. Measurement of the toughness of bone: a tutorial with special reference to small animal studies. Bone. November 2008;43(5):798-812.
1995	Liberman UA, Weiss SR, Bröll J, Minne HW, Quan H, Bell NH, Rodriguez-Portales J, Downs RW Jr, Dequeker J, Favus M, Seeman E, Recker RR, Capizzi T, Santora AC, Lombardi A, Shah RV, Hirsch LJ, Karpf DB; Group, Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study. Effect of oral alendronate on bone mineral density and the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM. November 30, 1995;333(22):1437-1443.
2003	Burr DB, Miller L, Grynpas M, Li J, Boyde A, Mashiba T, Hirano T, Johnston CC. Tissue mineralization is increased following 1-year treatment with high doses of bisphosphonates in dogs. Bone. December 2003;33(6):960-969.
1991	Sato M, Grasser W, Endo N, Akins R, Simmons H, Thompson DD, Golub E, Rodan GA. Bisphosphonate action: alendronate localization in rat bone and effects on osteoclast ultrastructure. J Clin Invest. December 1991;88(6):2095-2105.
1990	Bonadio J, Saunders TL, Tsai E, Goldstein SA, Morris-Wiman J, Brinkley L, Dolan DF, Altschuler RA, Hawkins JE Jr, Bateman JF, Mascara T, Jaenisch R. Transgenic mouse model of the mild dominant form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. September 1990;87(18):7145-7149.
1994	Torrance AG, Mosley JR, Suswillo RFL, Lanyon LE. Noninvasive loading of the rat ulna in vivo induces a strain-related modeling response uncomplicated by trauma or periostal pressure. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1994;54(3):241-247.
2008	Allen MR, Gineyts E, Leeming DJ, Burr DB, Delmas PD. Bisphosphonates alter trabecular bone collagen cross-linking and isomerization in beagle dog vertebra. Osteoporos Int. March 2008;19(3):329-337.
2001	Roschger P, Rinnerthaler S, Yates J, Rodan GA, Fratzl P, Klaushofer K. Alendronate increases degree and uniformity of mineralization in cancellous bone and decreases the porosity in cortical bone of osteoporotic women. Bone. August 2001;29(2):185-191.
2011	Schilcher J, Michaëlsson K, Aspenberg P. Bisphosphonate use and atypical fractures of the femoral shaft. NEJM. May 5, 2011;364(18):1728-1737.
2006	Allen MR, Iwata K, Phipps R, Burr DB. Alterations in canine vertebral bone turnover, microdamage accumulation, and biomechanical properties following 1-year treatment with clinical treatment doses of risedronate or alendronate. Bone. October 2006;39(4):872-879.
2010	Thurner PJ, Chen CG, Ionova-Martin S, Sun L, Harman A, Porter A, Ager JW III, Ritchie RO, Alliston T. Osteopontin deficiency increases bone fragility but preserves bone mass. Bone. June 2010;46(6):1564-1573.
2000	Knothe Tate ML, Steck R, Forwood MR, Niederer P. In vivo demonstration of load-induced fluid flow in the rat tibia and its potential implications for processes associated with functional adaptation. J Exp Biol. September 2000;203(18):2737-2745.
2005	O'Brien FJ, Taylor D, Lee TC. The effect of bone microstructure on the initiation and growth of microcracks. J Orthop Res. March 2005;23(2):475-480.
2000	Verborgt O, Gibson GJ, Schaffler MB. Loss of osteocyte integrity in association with microdamage and bone remodeling after fatigue in vivo. J Bone Miner Res. January 2000;15(1):60-67.
2008	Allen MR, Reinwald S, Burr DB. Alendronate reduces bone toughness of ribs without significantly increasing microdamage accumulation in dogs following 3 years of daily treatment. Calcif Tiss Int. May 2008;82(5):354-360.
2002	Wang X, Shen X, Li X, Agrawal CM. Age-related changes in the collagen network and toughness of bone [published correction appears in Bone. 2003;32(1):107]. Bone. 2002;31(1):1-7.
2004	Bone HG, Hosking D, Devogelaer J-P, Tucci JR, Emkey RD, Tonino RP, Rodriguez-Portales JA, Downs RW, Gupta J, Santora AC, Liberman UA; Alendronate Phase III Osteoporosis Treatment Study Group. Ten years' experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. NEJM. March 18, 2004;350(12):1189-1199.
2007	Allen MR, Burr DB. Three years of alendronate treatment results in similar levels of vertebral microdamage as after one year of treatment. J Bone Miner Res. November 2007;22(11):1759-1765.
1997	Noble BS, Stevens H, Loveridge N, Reeve J. Identification of apoptotic changes in osteocytes in normal and pathological human bone. Bone. March 1997;20(3):273-282.
1985	Burr DB, Martin RB, Schaffler MB, Radin EL. Bone remodeling in response to in vivo fatigue microdamage. J Biomech. 1985;18(3):189-200.
1991	Biewener AA. Musculoskeletal design in relation to body size. J Biomech. 1991;24(suppl 1):19-29.
1996	Jepsen KJ, Goldstein SA, Kuhn JL, Schaffler MB, Bonadio J. Type‐I collagen mutation compromises the post‐yield behavior of Mov13 long bone. J Orthop Res. May 1996;14(3):493-499.
1997	Jepsen KJ, Schaffler MB, Kuhn JL, Goulet RW, Bonadio J, Goldstein SA. Type I collagen mutation alters the strength and fatigue behavior of Mov13 cortical tissue. J Biomech. November–December 1997;30(11-12):1141-1147.
2008	Saito M, Mori S, Mashiba T, Komatsubara S, Marumo K. Collagen maturity, glycation induced-pentosidine, and mineralization are increased following 3-year treatment with incadronate in dogs. Osteoporos Int. September 2008;19(9):1343-1354.
2003	O’Brien FJ, Taylor D, Lee TC. Microcrack accumulation at different intervals during fatigue testing of compact bone. J Biomech. July 2003;36(7):973-980.
1998	Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, Palermo L, Prineas R, Rubin SM, Scott JC, Vogt T, Wallace R, Yates AJ, LaCroix AZ; Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA. December 23, 1998;280(24):2077-2082.
1998	Boyce TM, Fyhrie DP, Glotkowski MC, Radin EL, Schaffler MB. Damage type and strain mode associations in human compact bone bending fatigue. J Orthop Res. May 1998;16(3):322-329.
2001	Mashiba T, Turner CH, Hirano T, Forwood MR, Johnston CC, Burr DB. Effects of suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates on microdamage accumulation and biomechanical properties in clinically relevant skeletal sites in beagles. Bone. May 2001;28(5):524-531.
1999	Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M, Chesnut CH III, Brown J, Eriksen EF, Hoseyni MS, Axelrod DW, Miller PD; Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. October 13, 1999;282(14):1344-1352.
2005	Hernandez CJ, Tang SY, Baumbach BM, Hwu PB, Sakkee AN, van der Ham F, DeGroot J, Bank RA, Keaveny TM. Trabecular microfracture and the influence of pyridinium and non-enzymatic glycation-mediated collagen cross-links. Bone. December 2005;37(6):825-832.
2012	Kennedy OD, Herman BC, Laudier DM, Majeska RJ, Sun HB, Schaffler MB. Activation of resorption in fatigue-loaded bone involves both apoptosis and active pro-osteoclastogenic signaling by distinct osteocyte populations. Bone. May 2012;50(5):1115-1122.
2008	Lenart BA, Lorich DG, Lane JM. Atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis in postmenopausal women taking alendronate. NEJM. March 20, 2008;358(12):1304-1306.
2006	Ruppel ME, Burr DB, Miller LM. Chemical makeup of microdamaged bone differs from undamaged bone. Bone. August 2006;39(2):318-324.
1996	Bronckers ALJJ, Goei W, Luo G, Karsenty G, D'Souza RN, Lyaruu DM, Burger EH. DNA fragmentation during bone formation in neonatal rodents assessed by transferase-mediated end labeling. J Bone Miner Res. September 1996;11(9):1281-1291.
2000	Mashiba T, Hirano T, Turner CH, Forwood MR, Johnston CC, Burr DB. Suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates increases microdamage accumulation and reduces some biomechanical properties in dog rib. J Bone Miner Res. April 2000;15(4):613-620.
1999	Boyde A, Travers R, Glorieux FH, Jones SJ. The mineralization density of iliac crest bone from children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Calcif Tiss Int. March 1999;64(3):185-190.
1985	Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcif Tiss Int. 1985;37(4):411-417.
2006	Allen MR, Iwata K, Sato M, Burr DB. Raloxifene enhances vertebral mechanical properties independent of bone density. Bone. November 2006;39(5):1130-1135.
2002	Verborgt O, Tatton NA, Majeska RJ, Schaffler MB. Spatial distribution of Bax and Bcl-2 in osteocytes after bone fatigue: complementary roles in bone remodeling regulation? J Bone Miner Res. May 2002;17(5):907-914.
2006	Viguet-Carrin S, Roux JP, Arlot ME, Merabet Z, Leeming DJ, Byrjalsen I, Delmas PD, Bouxsein ML. Contribution of the advanced glycation end product pentosidine and of maturation of type I collagen to compressive biomechanical properties of human lumbar vertebrae. Bone. November 2006;39(5):1073-1079.
1996	Rodan GA, Fleisch HA. Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action. J Clin Invest. June 15, 1996;97(12):2692-2696.
2009	Tang SY, Allen MR, Phipps R, Burr DB, Vashishth D. Changes in non-enzymatic glycation and its association with altered mechanical properties following 1-year treatment with risedronate or alendronate. Osteoporos Int. July 2009;20(6):887-894.
1998	Bentolila V, Boyce TM, Fyhrie DP, Drumb R, Skerry TM, Schaffler MB. Intracortical remodeling in adult rat long bones after fatigue loading. Bone. September 1998;23(3):275-281.
2007	Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR; HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM. May 3, 2007;356(18):1809-1822.
2004	Kozloff KM, Carden A, Bergwitz C, Forlino A, Uveges TE, Morris MD, Marini JC, Goldstein SA. Brittle IV mouse model for osteogenesis imperfecta IV demonstrates postpubertal adaptations to improve whole bone strength. J Bone Miner Res. April 2004;19(4):614-622.
2002	Tami AE, Nasser P, Verborgt O, Schaffler MB, Knothe Tate ML. The role of interstitial fluid flow in the remodeling response to fatigue loading. J Bone Miner Res. November 2002;17(11):2030-2037.
2010	Shane E, Burr D, Ebeling PR, Abrahamsen B, Adler RA, Brown TD, Cheung AM, Cosman F, Curtis JR, Dell R, Dempster D, Einhorn TA, Genant HK, Geusens P, Klaushofer K, Koval K, Lane JM, McKiernan F, McKinney R, Ng A, Nieves J, O'Keefe R, Papapoulos S, Sen HT, van der Meulen MCH, Weinstein RS, Whyte M. Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. J Bone Miner Res. November 2010;25(11):2267-2294.
1999	Plotkin LI, Weinstein RS, Parfitt AM, Roberson PK, Manolagas SC, Bellido T. Prevention of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis by bisphosphonates and calcitonin. J Clin Invest. November 1999;104(10):1363-1374.
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2003	Noble BS, Peet N, Stevens HY, Brabbs A, Mosley JR, Reilly GC, Reeve J, Skerry TM, Lanyon LE. Mechanical loading: biphasic osteocyte survival and targeting of osteoclasts for bone destruction in rat cortical bone. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. April 2003;284(4):C934-C943.
1998	Zioupos P, Currey JD. Changes in the stiffness, strength, and toughness of human cortical bone with age. Bone. January 1998;22(1):57-66.
1995	Burr DB, Hooser M. Alterations to the en bloc basic fuchsin staining protocol for the demonstration of microdamage produced in vivo. Bone. October 1995;17(4):431-433.
2001	Li J, Mashiba T, Burr DB. Bisphosphonate treatment suppresses not only stochastic remodeling but also the targeted repair of microdamage. Calcif Tiss Int. November 2001;69(5):281-286.
2004	Komatsubara S, Mori S, Mashiba T, Li J, Nonaka K, Kaji Y, Akiyama T, Miyamoto K, Cao Y, Kawanishi J, Norimatsu H. Suppressed bone turnover by long-term bisphosphonate treatment accumulates microdamage but maintains intrinsic material properties in cortical bone of dog rib. J Bone Miner Res. June 2004;19(6):999-1005.
1996	Currey JD, Brear K, Zioupos P. The effects of ageing and changes in mineral content in degrading the toughness of human femora. J Biomech. February 1996;29(2):257-260.
2010	Herman BC, Cardoso L, Majeska RJ, Jepsen KJ, Schaffler MB. Activation of bone remodeling after fatigue: differential response to linear microcracks and diffuse damage. Bone. October 2010;47(4):766-772.
2002	Lee KCL, Maxwell A, Lanyon LE. Validation of a technique for studying functional adaptation of the mouse ulna in response to mechanical loading. Bone. September 2002;31(3):407-412.
2007	Lyles KW, Colón-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS, Adachi JD, Pieper CF, Mautalen C, Hyldstrup L, Recknor C, Nordsletten L, Moore KA, Lavecchia C, Zhang J, Mesenbrink P, Hodgson PK, Abrams K, Orloff JJ, Horowitz Z, Eriksen EF, Boonen S; HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. NEJM. November 1, 2007;357(18):1799-1809.