3D computed X-ray tomography of human cancellous bone at 8 μm spatial and 10−4 energy resolution

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Bonse, Ulrich¹; Busch, Frank¹; Günnewig, Olaf¹; Beckmann, Felix¹; Pahl, Reinhard¹; Delling, Günter²; Hahn, Michael²; Graeff, Walter³

3D computed X-ray tomography of human cancellous bone at 8 μm spatial and 10⁻⁴ energy resolution

Bone Miner. April 1994;25(1):25-38

©1994 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Affiliations

¹Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Physik I, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany

²Institut für Pathologie, Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20240 Hamburg, Germany

³Hamburger Synchrotronstrahlungslabor HASYLAB at Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
Abstract and keywords

Human cancellous bone was imaged and its absorptive density accurately measured in three dimensions (3D), nondestructively and at high spatial resolution by means of computerized microtomography (μCT). Essential for achieving the resolution and accuracy was the use of monoenergetic synchrotron radiation (SR) which avoided beam hardening effects, secured excellent contrast conditions including the option of energy-modulated contrast, and yet provided high intensity. To verify the resolution, we selected objects of ~8 μm size that could be observed on tomograms and correlated them in a unique manner to their counter images seen in histological sections prepared from the same specimen volume. Thus we have shown that the resolution expected from the voxel size of 8 μm used in the μCT process is in effect also attained in our results. In achieving the present results no X-ray-optical magnification was used. From μCT studies of composites (Bonse et al., X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM) applied to carbon-fibre composites. In: Materlik G, ed. HASYLAB Jahresbericht 1990. Hamburg: DESY, 1990;567–568) we know that by including X-ray magnification a resolution below 2 μm is obtained. Therefore, with foreseeable development of our μCT method, the 3D and nondestructive investigation of structures in mineralized bone on the 2 μm level is feasible. For example, it should be possible to study tomographically the 3D distribution and amount of osteoclastic resorption in the surrounding bone structure.

Keywords: Computerized tomography; Microtomography; Histological section; Synchrotron radiation; Bone trabecular structure
Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0169-6009(08)80205-X

PubMed: 8061549

WoS: A1994NK22100003
History

Received: 1993-08-19

Revised: 1993-10-28

Accepted: 1993-11-10

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1997	Beck JD, Canfield BL, Haddock SM, Chen TJH, Kothari M, Keaveny TM. Three-dimensional imaging of trabecular bone using the computer numerically controlled milling technique. Bone. 1997;21(3):281-287.
1998	Müller R, Van Campenhout H, Van Damme B, Van der Perre G, Dequeker J, Hildebrand T, Rüegsegger P. Morphometric analysis of human bone biopsies: a quantitative structural comparison of histological sections and micro-computed tomography. Bone. July 1998;23(1):59-66.
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2002	Nuzzo S, Lafage‐Proust MH, Martin‐Badosa E, Boivin G, Thomas T, Alexandre C, Peyrin F. Synchrotron radiation microtomography allows the analysis of three‐dimensional microarchitecture and degree of mineralization of human iliac crest biopsy specimens: effects of etidronate treatment. J Bone Miner Res. August 2002;17(8):1372-1382.
2004	Bousson V, Peyrin F, Bergot C, Hausard M, Sautet A, Laredo J. Cortical bone in the human femoral neck: three‐dimensional appearance and porosity using synchrotron radiation. J Bone Miner Res. May 2004;19(5):794-801.
2007	Schneider P, Stauber M, Voide R, Stampanoni M, Donahue LR, Müller R. Ultrastructural properties in cortical bone vary greatly in two inbred strains of mice as assessed by synchrotron light based micro‐ and nano‐CT. J Bone Miner Res. October 2007;22(10):1557-1570.
2005	Thomsen JS, Laib A, Koller B, Prohaska S, Mosekilde L, Gowin W. Stereological measures of trabecular bone structure: comparison of 3D micro computed tomography with 2D histological sections in human proximal tibial bone biopsies. J Microsc (Oxford). 2005;218(2):171-179.
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1996	Majumdar S, Newitt D, Mathur A, Osman D, Gies A, Chiu E, Lotz J, Kinney J, Genant H. Magnetic resonance imaging of trabecular bone structure in the distal radius: relationship with X-ray tomographic microscopy and biomechanics. Osteoporos Int. September 1996;6(5):376-385.
1998	Wehrli FW, Hwang SN, Ma J, Song HK, Ford JC, Haddad JG. Cancellous bone volume and structure in the forearm: noninvasive assessment with MR microimaging and image processing. Radiology. February 1998;206(2):347-357.
1998	Müller R, Gerber SC, Hayes WC. Micro-compression: a novel technique for the nondestructive assessment of local bone failure. Technol Health Care. December 1998;6(5-6):433-444.
1999	Laib A. Microarchitecture of the Human Radius Assessed With High Resolution in Vivo 3D-QCT [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 1999.
2007	Kohler T. A Service-Oriented Platform for Visualization and High-Throughput Structural Characterization in Bone Phenomics [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
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2007	Voide R. Functional Phenotyping of Bone: A Hierarchical Assessment of Bone Failure Characteristics [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2007.
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