Modeling of failure mode in knee ligaments depending on the strain

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Lee, Mija¹; Hyman, William¹

Modeling of failure mode in knee ligaments depending on the strain

BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2002;3:3

©2002 Lee and Hyman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in any medium for any purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the article's original URL.

Affiliations

¹Biomedical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, 233 Zachry Engineering Center, M.S. 3120 College Station, Texas 77843-3120
Abstract

Background: The failure mechanism of the knee ligament (bone-ligament-bone complex) at different strain rates is an important subject in the biomechanics of the knee. This study reviews and summarizes the literature describing ligament injury as a function of stain rate, which has been published during the last 30 years.

Methods: Three modes of injury are presented as a function of strain rate, and they are used to analyze the published cases. The number of avulsions is larger than that of ligament tearing in mode I. There is no significant difference between the number of avulsions and ligament tearing in mode II. Ligament tearing happens more frequently than avulsion in mode III.

Results: When the strain rate increases, the order of mode is mode I, II, III, I, and II. Analytical models of ligament behavior as a function of strain rate are also presented and used to provide an integrated framework for describing all of the failure regimes. In addition, this study showed the failure mechanisms with different specimens, ages, and strain rates.

Conclusion: There have been several a numbers of studies of ligament failure under various conditions including widely varying strain rates. One issue in these studies is whether ligament failure occurs mid-ligament or at the bone attachment point, with assertions that this is a function of the strain rate. However, over the range of strain rates and other conditions reported, there has appeared to be discrepancies in the conclusions on the effect of strain rate. The analysis and model presented here provides a unifying assessment of the previous disparities, emphasizing the differential effect of strain rate on the relative strengths of the ligament and the attachment.
Links

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-3-3

PubMed: 11860613

PubMedCentral: PMC65677

WoS: 000181476500003
History

Received: 2001-09-27

Accepted: 2002-01-17

Online: 2002-01-17

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2004	Subit D. Modélisation De La Liaison Os-Ligament Dans L’articulation Du Genou [in French] [PhD thesis]. Aix-Marseille II, France: Université de la Méditerranée; 2004.
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2003	Bhalla K, Bose D, Madeley NJ, Kerrigan J, Crandall J, Longhitano D, Takahashi Y. Evaluation of the response of mechanical pedestrian knee joint impactors in bending and shear loading. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2002	Bose D, Sanghavi P, Kerrigan JR, Madeley NJ, Bhalla KS, Crandall JR. Material characterization of ligaments using non-contact strain measurement and digitization. In: Proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. November 2002; Ponte Vedra Beach, FL.183-194.
2003	Bartsch AJ, Litsky AS, Herriott RG, McFadden JD. Posterior cruciate ligament response to proximal tibia impacts. In: Proceedings of the 31st International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. October 23, 2003; San Diego, CA.11-22.
2005	Krosshaug T, Andersen TE, Olsen O-EO, Myklebust G, Bahr R. Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sport: limitations and possibilities. Br J Sports Med. June 1, 2005;39(6):330-339.
2006	Chandrashekar N, Mansouri H, Slauterbeck J, Hashemi J. Sex-based differences in the tensile properties of the human anterior cruciate ligament. J Biomech. 2006;39(16):2943-2950.
2009	Subit D, Chabrand P, Masson C. A micromechanical model to predict damage and failure in biological tissues: application to the ligament-to-bone attachment in the human knee joint. J Biomech. February 9, 2009;42(3):261-265.
2008	Subit D, Masson C, Brunet C, Chabrand P. Microstructure of the ligament-to-bone attachment complex in the human knee joint. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2008;1(4):360-367.
2007	Willett TL. Molecular-Level Changes in Collagen Due to in Vitro Tensile Overload in a Tendon Model [PhD thesis]. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; October 2007.
2021	Jordan DB. Valgus Fatigue and Damage Accretion of the Anterior Bundle of the Ulnar Collateral Ligament: A Finite Element Evaluation [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2021.
2011	Wagnac É. Expérimentation et modélisation détaillée de la colonne vertébrale pour étudier le rôle de facteurs anatomiques et biomécaniques sur les traumatismes rachidiens [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; November 2011.
2005	Chandrashekar NK. Sex-Based Difference in the Morphology, Tensile Properties and Ultrastructure of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon [PhD thesis]. Lubboch, TX: Texas Tech University; December 2005.
2002	Bonifasi-Lista C. Multiaxial Viscoelastic Properties of Human Medial Collateral Ligament [Master's thesis]. University of Utah; December 2002.