Research approaches to describe the mechanisms of injuries in sport:​ limitations and possibilities

Krosshaug, T.; Andersen, T. E.; Olsen, O.-E. O.; Myklebust, G.; Bahr, R.

Affiliations

¹Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian University of Sport and Physical Education, Oslo, Norway

Abstract

A number of different methodological approaches have been used to describe the inciting event for sports injuries. These include interviews of injured athletes, analysis of video recordings of actual injuries, clinical studies (clinical findings of joint damage are studied to understand the injury mechanism, mainly through plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthroscopy, and computed tomography scans), in vivo studies (ligament strain or forces are measured to understand ligament loading patterns), cadaver studies, mathematical modelling and simulation of injury situations, and measurement/estimation from “close to injury” situations. In rare cases, injuries have even occurred during biomechanical experiments. This review describes each research approach and assesses its strengths and weaknesses in contributing to the understanding and prevention of sports injuries.

Links

DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.018358

PubMed: 15911601

WoS: 000229312500007

History

Accepted: 2005-02-27

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Cited By (16)

Year	Entry
2012	Fong DT-P. Kinematics analysis of five ankle inversion ligamentous sprain injury cases in tennis. In: Bradshaw EJ, Burnett A, Hume PA, eds. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Biomechanics in Sports. July 2-6, 2012; Melbourne, Austalia.402-405.
2007	Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, Engebretsen L, Smith G, Slauterbeck JR, Hewett TE, Bahr R. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med. March 2007;35(3):359-367.
2010	Meyers MC. Incidence, mechanisms, and severity of game-related college football injuries on FieldTurf versus natural grass: a 3-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. April 2010;38(4):687-697.
2011	Bere T, Flørenes TW, Krosshaug T, Koga H, Nordsletten L, Irving C, Muller E, Reid RC, Senner V, Bahr R. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in world cup alpine skiing: a systematic video analysis of 20 cases. Am J Sports Med. July 2011;39(7):1421-1429.
2012	Fong DT-P, Ha SC-W, Mok K-M, Chan CW-L, Chan K-M. Kinematics analysis of ankle inversion ligamentous sprain injuries in sports: five cases from televised tennis competitions. Am J Sports Med. November 2012;40(11):2627-2632.
2005	Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med. June 2005;39(6):324-329.
2008	Renstrom P, Ljungqvist A, Arendt E, Beynnon B, Fukubayashi T, Garrett W, Georgoulis T, Hewett TE, Johnson R, Krosshaug T, Mandelbaum B, Micheli L, Myklebust G, Roos E, Roos H, Schamasch P, Shultz S, Werner S, Wojtys E, Engebretsen L. Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: an International Olympic Committee current concepts statement. Br J Sports Med. June 2008;42(6):394-412.
2012	Dennison CR, Macri EM, Cripton PA. Mechanisms of cervical spine injury in rugby union: is it premature to abandon hyperflexion as the main mechanism underpinning injury? Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(8):545-.
2013	Gehring D, Wissler S, Mornieux G, Gollhofer A. How to sprain your ankle: a biomechanical case report of an inversion trauma. J Biomech. January 4, 2013;46(1):175-178.
2022	Jorge PB, de Oliveira DE, de Resende VR, Horita MM, Silva MdOe, Duarte A, Santili C, Guglielmetti LGB. Knee anteromedial compartment dissection: final results and anterior oblique ligament description. J Orthop Res. June 2022;40(6):1329-1337.
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