The nature and source of the head injuries sustained by restrained front seat occupants in frontal collisions

Thomas, Pete; Bradford, Mo

Affiliations

¹Accident Research Unit, ICE Ergonomics, Loughborough

Cited Works (11)

Year	Entry
1989	Walfisch G, Pouget D, Thomas C, Tarrière C. Head risks in frontal impacts: similarities and differences between tests and real-life situations. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.563-569.
1986	Bradford MA, Otubushin A, Thomas P, Robertson NKB, Green PD. Head and face injuries to car occupants in accidents: field data 1983-1985. In: Proceedings of the 1986 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 2-4, 1986; Zurich, Switzerland.85-103.
1991	Thomas P, Bradford M, Ward E. The cause of head injuries in real world crashes. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). November 4-7, 1991; Paris, France.67-77.
1985	Petty SPF, Fenn MA. A modified steering wheel to reduce facial injuries and an associated test procedure. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.342-347. SAE 856052.
1992	Frampton RJ, Mackay GM, Parkin S. An assessment of real world steering wheel intrusion characteristics and their implications for head and face injuries to restrained drivers in frontal impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1992 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1992; Verona, Italy.373-383.
1985	Galer M, Clark S, Mackay GM, Ashton SJ. The causes of injury in car accidents: an overview of a major study currently underway in Britain. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.513-525. SAE 856070.
1987	Thomas P. Head and torso injuries to restrained drivers from the steering system. In: Proceedings of the 1987 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1987; Birmingham, UK.73-89.
1985	Viano DC. Perspectives on head injury research. In: Proceedings of the 1985 International IRCOBI/AAAM Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1985; Göteborg, Sweden.159-176.
1993	Morris A, Hassan A, Mackay M, Hill J. Head injuries in lateral impact collisions. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.41-55.
1983	Fan WRS. Head impacts with roof-pillar support structures: problem identification. In: Proceedings of the 27th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1983; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:261-275. SAE 831620.
1986	Monk MW, Sullivan LK. Energy absorption material selection methodology for head/a-pillar. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:185-198. SAE 861887.

Cited By (4)

Year	Entry
1996	Hassan AM, Parkin S, Mackay M. Spinal injuries in car collisions. In: 40th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 7-9, 1996; Vancouver, BC.19-31.
1994	Lowne RW; EEVC Working Group 11 Transport Research Laboratory, United Kingdom. EEVC working group 11 report on the development of a front impact test procedure. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1334-1351.
1994	Blower D, Campbell KL. Comparison of occupant restraints based on injury-producing contact rates. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:215-224. SAE 942219.
1994	Nilson G. Effects of Seat and Seat-Belt Design on Car Occupant Response in Frontal and Rear Impacts: A Study Combining Mechanical and Mathematical Modelling [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 1994.