Vehicle acceleration and passenger compartment intrusion primarily determine car occupant injury risk. A new integrated vehicle-occupant model was developed and validated to predict these vehicle responses in offset, concentrated or full-width impact with various objects. The multi-body mathematical model consisted of a compartment, dash-panel and toepan-area and a front structure. The front structure was subdivided in 12 segments and a power-train, which were connected to the firewall by kinematic joints. The joints used local stiffness obtained from load-cell barrier crash-tests, and enabled local deformation of the vehicle front Similarly, the dash-panel and toepan were connected to the compartment, which enabled local intrusion into the compartment. A vehicle interior was modeled to enable contact-interactions with occupants, and the firewall geometry was included for interactions with the power-train.

The vehicle-model was validated with full frontal and 50% offset data and predicted vehicle acceleration, crush profile and local intrusion well. The validity of the model indicates its applicability in a wide range of frontal (non-distributed) collisions. Due to the use of local stiffness data, the model can greatly improve accident reconstruction research especially in frontal offset and pole impacts at both high and low speeds. The vehicle-model can be easily adjusted by changing vehicle-mass, size, or local stiffnesses of the front structure, and is a useful tool in compatibility research to estimate trends in car crash compatibility.