A comparison of dynamic impact response and brain deformation metrics within the cerebrum of head impact reconstructions representing three mechanisms of head injury in ice hockey

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Kendall, Marshall¹; Post, Andrew¹; Rousseau, Philippe¹; Oeur, Anna¹; Gilchrist, Michael D.^1,2; Hoshizaki, Blaine¹

A comparison of dynamic impact response and brain deformation metrics within the cerebrum of head impact reconstructions representing three mechanisms of head injury in ice hockey

Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury

Affiliations

¹Human Kinetics Department, University of Ottawa

²School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Ireland
Abstract and keywords

Ice hockey has been identified as having one of the highest concussion rates. The three most likely causes of concussive injury are; falls to the ice, shoulder to head impacts and punches to the head. The purpose of this study was to examine how these three mechanisms of injury in the sport of ice hockey influence the dynamic response of the head form and the magnitude and distribution of maximum principal strain in the cerebrum. The three impact mechanisms were simulated using a Hybrid III head and neck form attached to a linear impactor, pendulum or monorail system. Three dimensional linear and rotational acceleration data from each impact condition were used to undertake finite element modeling to calculate maximum principal strain in regions of brain tissue. The results indicated that each mechanism incurred a unique peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration response. The maximum principal strain magnitudes were found to be largest in the fall to the ice. The regions of the brain incurring the largest deformation varied per mechanism of injury. This variation of peak magnitude per brain region might explain the differences in symptomology for concussion. Furthering the understanding of these mechanisms would aid in improving the safety of the game.

Keywords: Brain deformation, Concussion, Head impact, Ice hockey
Links

URL: http://www.ircobi.org/downloads/irc12/pdf_files/53.pdf

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Cited By (12)

Year	Entry
2013	Kendall M, Post A, Zanetti K, Hoshizaki TB, Gilchrist MD. Comparison of dynamic versus static head impact reconstruction methodology by means of dynamic impact response and brain deformation metrics. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.536-546.
2014	Walsh ES, Kendall M, Hoshizaki TB, Gilchrist MD. Dynamic impact response and predicted brain tissue deformation comparisons for an impacted Hybrid III headform with and without a neckform and torso masses. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.55-61.
2016	Post A, De Grau S, Ignacy T, Meehan A, Zemek R, Hoshizaki B, Gilchrist MD. Comparison of helmeted head impact in youth and adult ice hockey. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.194-204.
2017	Koncan DA, Zemek R, Gilchrist MD, Hoshizaki TB. Helmet construction influences brain strain patterns for events causing concussion in youth ice hockey. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.201-210.
2022	Renyard N. Evaluating the Combined Effect of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Material in Ice Hockey Goaltender Helmets and Cervical Muscle Strength in Mitigating Concussion Risk During Simulated Horizontal Head Collisions [Master's thesis]. Thunder Bay, ON: Lakehead University; 2022.
2013	Post A. The Influence of Dynamic Response Characteristics on Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2013.
2016	Kendall M. Comparison and Characterization of Different Concussive Brain Injury Events [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016.
2018	Taylor K. The Use of Decoupling Structures in Helmet Liners to Reduce Maximum Principal Brain Tissue Strain for Head Impacts [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018.
2019	Karton C. Profiling Brain Trauma in Professional American-Style Football and the Implications to Developing Neurological Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2019.
2022	Krbavac BP. Comparing Brain Trauma Profiles for U15 Ice Hockey Leagues With Standard and Modified Body Contact Rules [Master's thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2022.
2022	Larsen K. Comparison of Brain Strain Magnitudes Calculated Using Head Tracking Impact Parameters and Body Tracking Impact Parameters Obtained from 2D Video [Master's thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2022.
2017	Sanchez EJ. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Head and Brain Injury Risk Functions [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; December 2017.