Brain strains in vehicle impact tests

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Zhang, Jiangyue^1,2; Yoganandan, Narayan^1,2; Pintar, Frank A.^1,2; Gennarelli, Thomas A.^1,2

Brain strains in vehicle impact tests

50th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM)

Affiliations

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

²VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
Abstract

The purpose of this research was to use vehicle impact test data and parametric finite element analysis to study the contribution of translational accelerations (TransAcc) and rotational accelerations (RotAcc) on strain-induced head injuries. Acceleration data were extracted from 33 non-contact vehicle crash tests conducted by the US Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. A human finite element head model was exercised using head accelerations from the nine accelerometer package placed inside the driver dummy in these tests. Three scenarios were parameterized: both TransAcc and RotAcc, only TransAcc, and only RotAcc to demonstrate the contribution of these accelerations on brain injury. Brain strains at multiple elements, cumulative strain damage, dilatation damage, and relative motion damage data were compared. Rotational accelerations contributed to more than 80% of the brain strain. Other injury metrics also supported this finding. These findings did not depend on the crash mode, peak amplitude of translational acceleration (29 to 120 g), peak amplitude of rotational acceleration (1.3 to 9.4 krad/s2) or HIC (68-778). Rotational accelerations appeared to be the major cause of strain-induced brain injury.

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Cited By (13)

Year	Entry
2009	Zhang J, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Dynamic biomechanics of the human head in lateral impacts. In: 53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 5-7, 2009; Baltimore, MD.249-256.
2011	Lamy M, Baumgartner D, Willinger R, Yoganandan N, Stemper BD. Study of mild traumatic brain injuries using experiments and finite element modeling. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.125-135.
2011	Yoganandan N, Fitzharris M, Pintar FA, Stemper BD, Rinaldi J, Maiman DJ, Fildes BN. Demographics, velocity distributions, and impact type as predictors of AIS 4+ head injuries in motor vehicle crashes. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.267-280.
2007	Zhang J, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Guan Y, Gennarelli TA. Biomechanical differences between contact and non-contact head impacts in vehicle crash tests. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
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2018	Taylor K. The Use of Decoupling Structures in Helmet Liners to Reduce Maximum Principal Brain Tissue Strain for Head Impacts [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018.