A multivariate risk analysis of selected playing surfaces in the National Football League:​ 1980 to 1989

Powell, John W.; Schootman, Mario

Year	Entry
2009	Knowles SB, Marshall SW, Bowling MJ, Loomis D, Millikan R, Yang J, Mueller FO. Risk factors for injury among high school football players. Epidemiology. 2009;20(2):302-310.
2009	Pérez-Soriano P, Llana-Belloch S, Cortell-Tormo JM, Pérez-Turpin JA. Biomechanical factors to be taken into account to prevent injuries and improve sporting performance on artificial turf. J Hum Sport Exer. 2009;4(2):78-92.
2003	Hagel BE, Fick GH, Meeuwisse WH. Injury risk in men's Canada West university football. Am J Epidemiol. 2003;157(9):825-833.
1996	Heidt RS Jr, Dormer SG, Cawley PW, Scranton PE Jr, Losse G, Howard M. Differences in friction and torsional resistance in athletic shoe-turf surface interfaces. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(6):834-842.
2000	Powell JW, Barber-Foss KD. Sex-related injury patterns among selected high school sports. Am J Sports Med. May–June 2000;28(3):385-391.
2008	Herbenick MA, King JS, Altobelli G, Nguyen B, Podesta L. Injury patterns in professional arena football. Am J Sports Med. January 2008;36(1):91-98.
2009	Villwock MR, Meyer EG, Powell JW, Fousty AJ, Haut RC. Football playing surface and shoe design affect rotational traction. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37(3):518-525.
2010	Dowling AV, Corazza S, Chaudhari AMW, Andriacchi TP. Shoe-surface friction influences movement strategies during a sidestep cutting task: implications for anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Am J Sports Med. March 2010;38(3):478-485.
2012	Reider B. Gridiron greenery. Am J Sports Med. May 2012;40(5):987-989.
2012	Dragoo JL, Braun HJ, Durham JL, Chen MR, Harris AHS. Incidence and risk factors for injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament in National Collegiate Athletic Association football: data from the 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 National Collegiate Athletic Association injury surveillance system. Am J Sports Med. May 2012;40(5):990-995.
2012	Hershman EB, Anderson R, Bergfeld JA, Bradley JP, Coughlin MJ, Johnson RJ, Spindler KP, Wojtys E, Powell JW. An analysis of specific lower extremity injury rates on grass and FieldTrf playing surfaces in National Football League games: 2000-2009 seasons. Am J Sports Med. October 2012;40(10):2200-2205.
2019	Mack CD, Hershman EB, Anderson RB, Coughlin MJ, McNitt AS, Sendor RR, Kent RW. Higher rates of lower extremity injury on synthetic turf compared with natural turf among National Football League athletes: epidemiologic confirmation of a biomechanical hypothesis. Am J Sports Med. January 2019;47(1):189-196.
2020	Mack CD, Kent RW, Coughlin MJ, Shiue KY, Weiss LJ, Jastifer JR, Wojtys EM, Anderson RB; NFL Musculoskeletal Committee. Incidence of lower extremity injury in the National Football League: 2015 to 2018. Am J Sports Med. July 2020;48(9):2287-2294.
2002	Bradley JP, Klimkiewicz JJ, Rytel MJ, Powell JW. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the National Football League: epidemiology and current treatment trends among team physicians. Arthroscopy. May–June 2002;18(5):502-509.
2007	Prodromos CC, Han Y, Rogowski J, Joyce B, Shi K. A meta-analysis of the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament tears as a function of gender, sport, and a knee injury–reduction regimen. Arthroscopy. December 2007;23(12):1320-1325.
1998	Gissane C, Jennings D, White J, Cumine A. Injury in summer rugby league football: the experiences of one club. Br J Sports Med. 1998;32(2):149-152.
2013	Hunt KJ, George E, Harris AHS, Dragoo JL. Epidemiology of syndesmosis injuries in intercollegiate football: incidence and risk factors from National Collegiate Athletic Association injury surveillance system data from 2004-2005 to 2008-2009. Clin J Sport Med. 2013;23(4):278-282.
1997	Scranton PE Jr, Whitesel JP, Powell JW, Dormer SG, Heidt RS Jr, Losse G, Cawley PW. A review of selected noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the National Football League. Foot Ankle Int. December 1997;18(12):772-776.
2013	Drakos MC, Taylor SA, Fabricant PD, Haleem AM. Synthetic playing surfaces and athlete health. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. May 2013;21(5):293-302.
2006	Gorse K, Mickey CA, Bierhals A. Conditioning injuries associated with artificial turf in two preseason football training programs. J Athl Train. 2006;32(4):304-308.
1999	Powell JW, Barber-Foss KD. Injury patterns in selected high school sports: a review of the 1995–1997 seasons. J Athl Train. September 1999;34(3):277-284.
2010	Drakos MC, Hillstrom H, Voos JE, Miller AN, Kraszewski AP, Wickiewicz TL, Warren RF, Allen AA, O'Brien SJ. The effect of the shoe-surface interface in the development of anterior cruciate ligament strain. J Biomech Eng. January 2010;132(1):011003.
2012	Wei F, Meyer EG, Braman JE, Powell JW, Haut RC. Rotational stiffness of football shoes influences talus motion during external rotation of the foot. J Biomech Eng. April 2012;134(4):041002.
2006	Ford KR, Manson NA, Evans BJ, Myer GD, Gwin RC, Heidt RS Jr., Hewett TE. Comparison of in-shoe foot loading patterns on natural grass and synthetic turf. J Sci Med Sport. December 2006;9(6):433-440.
2013	Dragoo JL, Braun HJ, Harris AHS. The effect of playing surface on the incidence of ACL injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association American football. Knee. June 2013;20(3):191-195.
2003	Orchard J, Powell JW. Risk of knee and ankle sprains under various weather conditions in American football. Med Sci Sports Exer. 2003;35(7):1118-1123.
2019	Kluczynski MA, Kelly WH, Lashomb WM, Bisson LJ. A systematic review of the orthopaedic literature involving National Football League players. Orthop J Sports Med. August 2019;7(8):2325967119864356.
2009	Alcántara E, Gámez J, Rosa D, Sanchis M. Analysis of the influence of rubber infill morphology on the mechanical performance of artificial turf surfaces for soccer. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part P-J Sports Eng Tech. 2009;223(1):1-9.
2009	Villwock MR, Meyer EG, Powell JW, Fouty AJ, Haut RC. The effects of various infills, fibre structures, and shoe designs on generating rotational traction on an artificial surface. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part P-J Sports Eng Tech. 2009;223(1):21-29.
2005	Wasudev NP, Ho CP. Mechanisms and imaging of football-related injuries. Semin Muscuoloskel Radiol. 2005;9(4):302-315.
2019	Wannop JW, Stefanyshyn DJ, Anderson RB, Coughlin MJ, Kent R. Development of a footwear sizing system in the National Football League. Sports Health. January–February 2019;11(1):40-46.
2019	Jastifer JR, McNitt AS, Mack CD, Kent RW, McCullough KA, Coughlin MJ, Anderson RB. Synthetic turf: history, design, maintenance, and athlete safety. Sports Health. January–February 2019;11(1):84-90.
2002	Orchard J. Is there a relationship between ground and climatic conditions and injuries in football? Sports Med. 2002;32(7):419-432.
2010	Dragoo JL, Braun HJ. The effect of playing surface on injury rate: a review of the current literature. Sports Med. 2010;40(11):981-990.
2007	Landry CNS. Biomechanical and Neuromuscular Differences Exist Between Genders for Unanticipated Running and Cutting Maneuvers in Adolescent Soccer Players: Relevance to the ACL [PhD thesis]. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; March 2007.
1996	Mallette TE. Frictional and Tractional Characteristics of Various Shoe-Surface Interface Combinations on Wet and Dry Natural and Artificial Turf [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1996.
1996	Warren AJ. The Friction and Traction Characteristics of Various Shoe-Surface Combinations With Different Vertical Loads [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 1996.
2009	Meyer EG. Biomechanical Response of the Knee to Injury Level Forces in Sports Loading Scenarios [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2009.
2009	Villwock MR. Rotational Traction At the American Football Shoe-Surface Interface and Its Application to Ankle Injury [Master's thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; September 2009.
2012	Wei F. Biomechanical Investigations and Computational Modeling of the Human Ankle [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2012.
2011	Dowling AV. Understanding and Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Using Novel Motion Analysis Systems [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; May 2011.
1994	Meeuwisse WH. Development, Implementation and Validation of the Canadian Intercollegiate Sport Injury Registry [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; May 1994.
2012	Wannop JW. Footwear Traction and Lower Extremity Non-Contact Injury [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2012.
2012	Brock EA. Biomechanical Differences of Two Common Football Movement Tasks in Studded and Non-Studded Shoe Conditions on Infilled Synthetic Turf [Master's thesis]. Knoxville, TN: The University of Tennessee; August 2012.

Year	Entry
1990	Levy IM, Skovron ML, Agel J. Living with artificial grass: a knowledge update, I: basic science. Am J Sports Med. July 1990;18(4):406-412.
1988	Nicholas JA, Rosenthal PP, Gleim GW. A historical perspective of injuries in professional football: twenty-six years of game-related events. JAMA. August 19, 1988;260(7):939-944.
1974	Stanitski CL, McMaster JH, Ferguson RJ. Synthetic turf and grass: a comparative study. Am J Sports Med. 1974;2(1):22-6.
1983	Culpepper MI, Niemann KMW. High school football injuries in Birmingham, Alabama. South Med J. 1983;76(7):873-875.
1980	Powell JW. A Multivariate Epidemiological Model Applied to Injuries to the Knee in College Football, 1975-1978 [PhD thesis]. College Station, PA: Pennsylvania State University; May 1980.
1981	Canale ST, Cantler ED Jr, Sisk TD, Freeman BL. A chronicle of injuries of an American intercollegiate football team. Am J Sports Med. 1981;9(6):384-389.
1990	Skovron ML, Levy IM, Agel J. Living with artificial grass: a knowledge update, II: epidemiology. Am J Sports Med. September 1990;18(5):510-513.
1985	Whiteside JA, Fleagle SB, Kalenak A, Weller HW. Manpower loss in football: a 12-year study at the Pennsylvania State University. Phys Sportsmed. 1985;13(1):103-114.
1974	Adkison JW, Requa RK, Garrick JG. Injury rates in high school football: a comparison of synthetic surfaces and grass fields. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1974;99:131-136.