Minimizing specimen length in elastic testing of end-constrained cancellous bone

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Lievers, W. B.^1,2; Waldman, S. D.^1,2,3; Pilkey, A. K.^1,2

Minimizing specimen length in elastic testing of end-constrained cancellous bone

J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. January 2010;3(1):22-30

©2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

²Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6

³Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6
Abstract

End-constraint is needed when performing tensile and compressive testing of cancellous bone so that frictional and structural end-effects are minimized and the mechanical properties are not underestimated. Since many end-constrained testing techniques are limited to certain sites and species by the large specimen sizes required, reductions in overall specimen length would be advantageous. The following study examines the effect of specimen gauge length and aspect ratio on the elastic tensile testing of cancellous bone from the bovine femoral condyle. Three different nominal gauge lengths (10, 16, 22 mm) were examined at two different diameters (5.1, 10.7 mm) which bound the range typically used for cancellous bone testing. No effect of gauge length or aspect ratio was observed, but evidence of a diameter effect was noted. Three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) models confirmed the experimental observations and demonstrated that an overestimation of modulus begins to occur for specimens shorter than 10 mm.
Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2009.02.001

PubMed: 19878899

WoS: 000271958100004
History

Received: 2008-03-6

Revised: 2009-02-6

Accepted: 2009-02-24

Online: 2009-03-5

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