A Multimodal Approach to the Osseointegration of Porous Implants

The field of implantology is centred around interfacial interactions with the surrounding bone tissue. Assessing the suitability of novel engineering materials as implants for clinical application follows a preliminary workflow that can be simplified into three main stages: (i) implant design, (ii) in vitro compatibility, and (iii) in vivo compatibility. This thesis is subdivided to mirror each of these three themes, with a specific focus on the multiscale features of the implant itself as well as appositional bone tissue. In Chapter 3, a biomimetic approach to generate porous metallic implants is presented, using preferential seeding in a 3D Voronoi tessellation to create struts within a porous scaffold that mirror the trabecular orientation in human bone tissue. In Chapter 4, cytocompatible succinate-alginate films are generated to promote the in vitro activity of osteoblast-like cells and endothelial cells using a methodology that could be replicated to coat the interior and exterior of porous metals. In Chapter 5, two types of porous implants with graded and uniform pore size are implanted into rabbit tibiae to characterize the biological process of osseointegration into porous scaffolds. In Chapter 6, these same scaffolds are probed with high-resolution 2D and 3D methods using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and the first-ever application of plasma focused ion beam (PFIB) serial sectioning to observe structural motifs in biomineralization at the implant interface in 3D. This thesis provides new knowledge, synthesis techniques, and development of characterization tools for bone-interfacing implants, specifically including a means to: (i) provide novel biomaterial design strategies for additive manufacturing; (ii) synthesize coatings that are compatible with additively manufactured surfaces; (iii) improve our understanding of mineralization process in newly formed bone, with the ultimate goal of improving the osseointegration of implants.

Year	Entry
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Year

Entry

2020

Buss DJ, Reznikov N, McKee MD. Crossfibrillar mineral tessellation in normal and Hyp mouse bone as revealed by 3D FIB-SEM microscopy. J Struct Biol. November 1, 2020;212(2):107603.

2020

Yu B, Pacureanu A, Olivier C, Cloetens P, Peyrin F. Assessment of the human bone lacuno-canalicular network at the nanoscale and impact of spatial resolution. Sci Rep. 2020;10:4567.

1993

Landis WJ, Song MJ, Leith A, McEwen L, McEwen BF. Mineral and organic matrix interaction in normally calcifying tendon visualized in three dimensions by high-voltage electron microscopic tomography and graphic image reconstruction. J Struct Biol. January 1993;110(1):39-54.

2012

McNally EA, Schwarcz HP, Botton GA, Arsenault AL. A model for the ultrastructure of bone based on electron microscopy of ion-milled sections. PLoS One. January 17, 2012;7(1):e29258.

2011

Rudy DJ, Deuerling JM, Espinoza Orías AA, Roeder RK. Anatomic variation in the elastic inhomogeneity and anisotropy of human femoral cortical bone tissue is consistent across multiple donors. J Biomech. June 3, 2011;44(9):1817-1820.