The function of the primary ligaments of the knee in varus-valgus and axial rotation

Seering, Warren P.; Piziali, Robert L.; Nagel, Donald A.; Schurman, David J.

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge, MA 02139, U.S.A.

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Design Division, Stanford University, Stanford. CA 94305, U.S.A.

³Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, U.S.A.

Abstract

Four in vitro human knee specimens have been loaded, two with varus-valgus femoral rotations and two with internal and external axial tibial rotations. Each specimen has been tested in full extension and in 30° of flexion. All orthogonal components of applied force and moment required to cause the rotations were measured as were all resultant orthogonal components of load on the femur. Curves fit to the data were studied to establish the portions of the applied load transmitted by each ligament.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(80)90240-7

PubMed: 7440593

WoS: A1980KQ97300006

History

Received: 1979-06-14

Revised: 1980-01-22

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1941	Brantigan OC, Voshell AF. The mechanics of the ligaments and menisci of the knee joint. J Bone Joint Surg. January 1941;23(1):44-66.
1976	Markolf KL, Mensch JS, Amstutz HC. Stiffness and laxity of the knee: the contributions of the supporting structures: a quantitative in vitro study. J Bone Joint Surg. July 1976;58A(5):583-594.

Cited By (23)

Year	Entry
1990	Woo SL-Y, Weiss JA, MacKenna DA. Biomechanics and morphology of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:63-104.
1990	Butler DL, Guan Y. Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament and its replacements. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:105-154.
1987	Woo SL-Y, Inoue M, McGurk-Burleson E, Gomez MA. Treatment of the medial collateral ligament injury, II: structure and function of canine knees in response to differing treatment regimens. Am J Sports Med. January–February 1987;15(1):22-29.
2010	Wannop JW, Worobets JT, Stefanyshyn DJ. Footwear traction and lower extremity joint loading. Am J Sports Med. 2010;38(6):1221-1228.
2005	Bahr R, Krosshaug T. Understanding injury mechanisms: a key component of preventing injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med. June 2005;39(6):324-329.
2004	McLean SG, Huang X, Su A, van den Bogert AJ. Sagittal plane biomechanics cannot injure the ACL during sidestep cutting. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). October 2004;19(8):828-838.
2001	Weiss JA, Gardiner JC. Computational modeling of ligament mechanics. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2001;29(3):303-371.
2024	Konishi R, Ozawa J, Kuniki M, Yamagiwa D, Kito N. Sex differences in pelvis, thigh, and shank coordination during walking. J Biomech. January 2024;162:111891.
1991	Schipplein OD, Andriacchi TP. Interaction between active and passive knee stabilizers during level walking. J Orthop Res. January 1991;9(1):113-119.
2003	Gardiner JC, Weiss JA. Subject-specific finite element analysis of the human medial collateral ligament during valgus knee loading. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):1098-1106.
2009	Meyer EG. Biomechanical Response of the Knee to Injury Level Forces in Sports Loading Scenarios [PhD thesis]. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University; 2009.
2007	Wickwire AC. Development of Experimental and Computational Methodologies for Construction of a Subject-Specific Knee Finite Element Model [Master's thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2007.
1996	Bendjaballah MZ. Modélisation et analyse par éléments finis d'un genou humain [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; October 1996.
2005	Mesfar W. Biomécanique du genou humain en flexion sous les activités musculaires: Modélisation par la méthode des éléments finis [PhD thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; December 2005.
2012	Marouane H. Effet de la force de compression sur la réponse passive de l'articulation du genou: Une étude numérique non-linéaire [Master's thesis]. École polytechnique de Montréal; November 2012.
1984	Lafortune MA. The Use of Intra-Cortical Pins to Measure the Motion of the Knee Joint During Walking [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; August 1984.
2008	Park SK. The Influence of Knee Joint Laxity and Hormones on Dynamic Joint Function in Healthy Females [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2008.
2012	Luo G. Limiting Factors for Curved Sprinting Performance [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; September 2012.
2002	Bonifasi-Lista C. Multiaxial Viscoelastic Properties of Human Medial Collateral Ligament [Master's thesis]. University of Utah; December 2002.
2002	Gardiner JC. Computational Modeling of Ligament Mechanics [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; May 2002.
2012	Ellis BJ. Finite Element Modeling of Knee and Shoulder Ligaments [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; May 2012.
1994	Ziegler JM. A Dynamic Computational Model of the Human Knee Joint With Implementation in Two Optimal Control Models [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; August 1994.
2012	Schmitz A. The Importance of Including Knee Joint Laxity in Dynamic Musculoskeletal Simulations of Movement [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2012.