A versatile shear and compression apparatus for mechanical stimulation of tissue culture explants

Frank, Eliot H.; Jin, Moonsoo; Loening, Andreas M.; Levenston, Marc E.; Grodzinsky, Alan J.

Affiliations

¹Continuum Electromechanics Group, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 38}377, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

²Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA

Abstract and keywords

We have developed an incubator housed, biaxial-tissue-loading device capable of applying axial deformations as small as 1 μm and sinusoidal rotations as small as 0.01°. Axial resolution is 50 nm for applying sinewaves as low as 10 μm (or 1% based on a 1 mm thickness) or as large as 100 μm. Rotational resolution is 0.0005°. The machine is small enough (30 cm high × 25 cm × 20 cm) to be placed in a standard incubator for long-term tissue culture loading studies. In metabolic studies described here, application of sinusoidal macroscopic shear deformation to articular cartilage explants resulted in a significant increase in the synthesis of proteoglycan and proteins (uptake of ³⁵S-sulfate and ³H-proline) over controls held at the same static offset compression.

Keywords: Mechanotransduction; Shear; Tissue loading; Chondrocyte metabolism; Cartilage biomechanics

Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00100-7

PubMed: 10940414

WoS: 000089948900023

History

Accepted: 2000-04-14

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2004	AufderHeide AC, Athanasiou KA. Mechanical stimulation toward tissue engineering of the knee meniscus. Ann Biomed Eng. August 2004;32(8):1161-1174.
2006	Aufderheide AC, Athanasiou KA. A direct compression stimulator for articular cartilage and meniscal explants. Ann Biomed Eng. September 2006;34(9):1463-1474.
2000	Grodzinsky AJ, Levenston ME, Jin M, Frank EH. Cartilage tissue remodeling in response to mechanical forces. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2:691-713.
2001	Jin M, Frank EH, Quinn TM, Hunziker EB, Grodzinsky AJ. Tissue shear deformation stimulates proteoglycan and protein biosynthesis in bovine cartilage explants. Arch Biochem Biophys. November 1, 2001;395(1):41-48.
2003	Patwari P, Cook MN, DiMicco MA, Blake SM, James IE, Kumar S, Cole AA, Lark MW, Grodzinsky AJ. Proteoglycan degradation after injurious compression of bovine and human articular cartilage in vitro: interaction with exogenous cytokines. Arthritis Rheum. May 2003;48(5):1292-1301.
2005	Lee JH, Fitzgerald JB, DiMicco MA, Grodzinsky AJ. Mechanical injury of cartilage explants causes specific time-dependent changes in chondrocyte gene expression. Arthritis Rheum. August 2005;52(8):2386-2395.
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2023	Szapary HJ, Flaman L, Frank E, Chubinskaya S, Dwivedi G, Grodzinsky AJ. Effects of dexamethasone and dynamic loading on cartilage of human osteochondral explants challenged with inflammatory cytokines. J Biomech. March 2023;149:111480.
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