Fleetwide Models of Lane Departure Warning and Prevention Systems in the United States

Road departure crashes are among the deadliest crash modes in the U.S. each year. In response, automakers have been developing lane departure active safety systems to alert drivers to impending departures. These lane departure warning (LDW) and lane departure prevention (LDP) systems have great potential to reduce the frequency and mitigate the severity of serious lane and road departure crashes. The objective of this thesis was to characterize lane and road departures to better understand the effect of systems such as LDW and LDP on single vehicle road departure crashes.

The research includes the following: 1) a characterization of lane departures through analysis of normal lane keeping behavior, 2) a characterization of road departure crashes through the development and validation of a real-world crash database of road departures (NCHRP 17-43 Lite), and 3) develop enhancements to the Virginia Tech LDW U.S. fleetwide benefits model.

Normal lane keeping behavior was found to vary with road characteristics such as lane width and road curvature. Consideration of the dynamic driving behaviors observed in the naturalistic driving study (NDS) data is important to avoid LDW false alarms and driver annoyance. Departure characteristics computed in normal driving were much less severe than the departure parameters measured in real-world road departure crashes.

The real-world crash data collected in NCHRP 17-43 Lite database was essential in developing enhancements to the existing Virginia Tech LDW fleetwide benefits model. Replacement of regression model predictions with measured crash data and improvement of the injury criteria resulted in an 11-16% effectiveness for road departure crashes, and an 11-15% reduction in seriously injured drivers.

Keywords: vehicle safety; active safety; road departure; lane keeping

Year	Entry
2011	Kononen DW, Flannagan CAC, Wang SC. Identification and validation of a logistic regression model for predicting serious injuries associated with motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev. January 2011;43(1):112-122.
2010	Kusano KD, Gabler HC. Potential occupant injury reduction in pre-crash system equipped vehicles in the striking vehicle of rear-end crashes. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.203-213.
2015	Gabler HC, Weaver AA, Stitzel JD. Automotive field data in injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:33-49.
2015	Kusano KD, Chen R, Tsoi A, Gabler HC. Comparison of event data recorder and naturalistic driving data for the study of lane departure events. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2015	Fujishiro R, Takahashi H. Research on driver acceptance of LDA (lane departure alert) system. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2009	Gabler HC, Hinch J. Feasibility of using event data recorders to characterize the pre-crash behavior of drivers in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2008	Gabauer DJ, Gabler HC. Comparison of roadside crash injury metrics using event data recorders. Accid Anal Prev. March 2008;40(2):548-558.
2006	Niehoff P, Gabler HC. The accuracy of winsmash delta-v estimates: the influence of vehicle type, stiffness, and impact mode. In: 50th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 2006; Chicago, IL.73-89.
2015	Scanlon JM, Kusano KD, Sherony R, Gabler HC. Potential safety benefits of lane departure warning and prevention systems in the U.S. vehicle fleet. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2010	Hampton CE, Gabler HC. Evaluation of the accuracy of NASS/CDS delta-V estimates from the enhanced winsmash algorithm. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.241-251.
2015	Chen R, Kusano KD, Gabler HC. Driver behavior during lane change from the 100-car naturalistic driving study. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2005	Neale VL, Dingus TA, Klauer SG, Sudweeks J, Goodman M. An overview of the 100-car naturalistic study and findings. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.

Year

Entry

2011

Kononen DW, Flannagan CAC, Wang SC. Identification and validation of a logistic regression model for predicting serious injuries associated with motor vehicle crashes. Accid Anal Prev. January 2011;43(1):112-122.

2010

Kusano KD, Gabler HC. Potential occupant injury reduction in pre-crash system equipped vehicles in the striking vehicle of rear-end crashes. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.203-213.

2015

Gabler HC, Weaver AA, Stitzel JD. Automotive field data in injury biomechanics. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:33-49.

2015

Kusano KD, Chen R, Tsoi A, Gabler HC. Comparison of event data recorder and naturalistic driving data for the study of lane departure events. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.

2015

Fujishiro R, Takahashi H. Research on driver acceptance of LDA (lane departure alert) system. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.

2009

Gabler HC, Hinch J. Feasibility of using event data recorders to characterize the pre-crash behavior of drivers in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.

2008

Gabauer DJ, Gabler HC. Comparison of roadside crash injury metrics using event data recorders. Accid Anal Prev. March 2008;40(2):548-558.

2006

Niehoff P, Gabler HC. The accuracy of winsmash delta-v estimates: the influence of vehicle type, stiffness, and impact mode. In: 50th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16-18, 2006; Chicago, IL.73-89.

2015

Scanlon JM, Kusano KD, Sherony R, Gabler HC. Potential safety benefits of lane departure warning and prevention systems in the U.S. vehicle fleet. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.

2010

Hampton CE, Gabler HC. Evaluation of the accuracy of NASS/CDS delta-V estimates from the enhanced winsmash algorithm. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.241-251.

2015

Chen R, Kusano KD, Gabler HC. Driver behavior during lane change from the 100-car naturalistic driving study. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.

2005

Neale VL, Dingus TA, Klauer SG, Sudweeks J, Goodman M. An overview of the 100-car naturalistic study and findings. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.

Year	Entry
2019	Riexinger LE, Sherony R, Gabler HC. A preliminary characterisation of driver evasive manoeuvres in cross-centreline vehicle-to-vehicle collisions. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.58-69.
2018	Holmes DA. The Effect of Lane Departure Warning Systems on Cross-Centerline Crashes [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 16, 2018.
2021	Riexinger LE. Residual Crashes and Injured Occupants With Lane Departure Prevention Systems [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 22, 2021.

Year

Entry

2019

Riexinger LE, Sherony R, Gabler HC. A preliminary characterisation of driver evasive manoeuvres in cross-centreline vehicle-to-vehicle collisions. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.58-69.

2018

Holmes DA. The Effect of Lane Departure Warning Systems on Cross-Centerline Crashes [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; April 16, 2018.

2021

Riexinger LE. Residual Crashes and Injured Occupants With Lane Departure Prevention Systems [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; March 22, 2021.