Biodegradable and bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Rezwan, K.<sup>1</sup>; Chen, Q. Z.<sup>1</sup>; Blaker, J. J.<sup>1</sup>; Boccaccini, Aldo Roberto<sup>1,2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BP, UK

²Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK

Abstract

Biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are being combined in a variety of composite materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Materials and fabrication routes for three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with interconnected high porosities suitable for bone tissue engineering are reviewed. Different polymer and ceramic compositions applied and their impact on biodegradability and bioactivity of the scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo assessments. The mechanical properties of today's available porous scaffolds are analyzed in detail, revealing insufficient elastic stiffness and compressive strength compared to human bone. Further challenges in scaffold fabrication for tissue engineering such as biomolecules incorporation, surface functionalization and 3D scaffold characterization are discussed, giving possible solution strategies. Stem cell incorporation into scaffolds as a future trend is addressed shortly, highlighting the immense potential for creating next-generation synthetic/living composite biomaterials that feature high adaptiveness to the biological environment.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.01.039

PubMed: 16504284

WoS: 000236783000010

History

Received: 2005-12-6

Accepted: 2006-01-31

Online: 2006-02-28

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Cited By (22)

Year	Entry
2020	Li T, Ma B, Xue J, Zhai D, Zhao P, Chang J, Wu C. Bioinspired biomaterials with a brick‐and‐mortar microstructure combining mechanical and biological performance. Adv Healthc Mater. February 2020;9(4):1901211.
2020	Amini M, Reisinger A, Pahr DH. Influence of processing parameters on mechanical properties of a 3D-printed trabecular bone microstructure. J Biomed Mater Res. January 2020;B108(1):38-47.
2009	Al-Munajjed AA, O’Brien FJ. Influence of a novel calcium-phosphate coating on the mechanical properties of highly porous collagen scaffolds for bone repair. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. April 2009;2(2):138-146.
2023	Colon RR, Nayak VV, Parente PEL, Leucht P, Tovar N, Lin CC, Rezzadeh K, Hacquebord JH, Coelho PG, Witek L. The presence of 3D printing in orthopedics: a clinical and material review. J Orthop Res. March 2023;41(3):601-613.
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