In vivo and analytical studies of forces and moments in equine long bones

Rybicki, E. F.<sup>1</sup>; Mills, E. J.<sup>1</sup>; Turner, A. S.<sup>2</sup>; Simonen, F. A.<sup>3</sup>

Affiliations

¹Applied Solid Mechanics Section, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, Columbus. OH 43201, U.S.A.

²Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OWO

³Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA 99352, U.S.A.

Abstract

A study to evaluate the in vivo forces acting on equine long bones is described. Results for the maximum axial forces and bending moments are presented for the radius, metacarpus, tibia, and metatarsus. The forces and bending moments are obtained by combining in vivo strain gage readings and a mathematical model for the mechanics of the bones. Comparisons of equine activities including standing, walking, trotting, and getting up after the anesthetic indicate that one activity does not always produce the highest loads in all of the bones examined. However, for the cases considered here, recovery from the anesthetic produced the largest compressive forces in the metacarpus and the tibia. Also, large tensile forces were found during the foot-up positions during standing and trotting.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(77)90085-9

PubMed: 606718

WoS: A1977EK53800003

History

Received: 1977-05-3

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Cited By (19)

Year	Entry
2004	Funk JR, Crandall JR. Calculation of long bone loading using strain gauges. In: Proceedings of the 32nd International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2004.85-102.
2007	Duprey S, Subit D, Rutherford A, Kent R. Strain-based methodology to assess the load transmitted into the clavicle during lateral shoulder impacts. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2007.20-28.
2009	Duprey S, Subit D, Guillemot H, Kent R. Predicting the load transferred to the clavicle from strain data during a shoulder lateral impact – preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.85-95.
2007	Untaroiu C, Kerrigan J, Kam C, Crandall J, Yamazaki K, Fukuyama K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Funk J. Correlation of strain and loads measured in the long bones with observed kinematics of the lower limb during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:433-466. SAE 2007-22-0018.
1993	van der Meulen MCH, Beaupré GS, Carter DR. Mechanobiologic influences in long bone cross-sectional growth. Bone. July–August 1993;14(4):635-642.
1980	Carter DR, Smith DJ, Spengler DM, Daly CH, Frankel VH. Measurement and analysis of in vivo bone strains on the canine radius and ulna. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):27-38.
1981	Carter DR, Vasu R, Spengler DM, Dueland RT. Stress fields in the unplated and plated canine femur calculated from in vivo strain measurements. J Biomech. 1981;14(1):63-70.
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2012	Edwards WB, Troy KL. Finite element prediction of surface strain and fracture strength at the distal radius. Med Eng Phys. April 2012;34(3):290-298.
2003	Peterman MM. A Strain Map of the Human Distal Tibia During the Stance Phase of Walking, from Dynamic Cadaver Experiments and Finite Element Analysis Simulations [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; August 2003.
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