In vivo and analytical studies of forces and moments in equine long bones

Rybicki, E. F.; Mills, E. J.; Turner, A. S.; Simonen, F. A.

Affiliations

¹Applied Solid Mechanics Section, Battelle, Columbus Laboratories, Columbus. OH 43201, U.S.A.

²Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N OWO

³Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA 99352, U.S.A.

Abstract

A study to evaluate the in vivo forces acting on equine long bones is described. Results for the maximum axial forces and bending moments are presented for the radius, metacarpus, tibia, and metatarsus. The forces and bending moments are obtained by combining in vivo strain gage readings and a mathematical model for the mechanics of the bones. Comparisons of equine activities including standing, walking, trotting, and getting up after the anesthetic indicate that one activity does not always produce the highest loads in all of the bones examined. However, for the cases considered here, recovery from the anesthetic produced the largest compressive forces in the metacarpus and the tibia. Also, large tensile forces were found during the foot-up positions during standing and trotting.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(77)90085-9

PubMed: 606718

WoS: A1977EK53800003

History

Received: 1977-05-3

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Cited By (20)

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2007	Duprey S, Subit D, Rutherford A, Kent R. Strain-based methodology to assess the load transmitted into the clavicle during lateral shoulder impacts. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2007.20-28.
2009	Duprey S, Subit D, Guillemot H, Kent R. Predicting the load transferred to the clavicle from strain data during a shoulder lateral impact – preliminary results. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.85-95.
2007	Untaroiu C, Kerrigan J, Kam C, Crandall J, Yamazaki K, Fukuyama K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T, Funk J. Correlation of strain and loads measured in the long bones with observed kinematics of the lower limb during vehicle-pedestrian impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2007;51:433-466. SAE 2007-22-0018.
1993	van der Meulen MCH, Beaupré GS, Carter DR. Mechanobiologic influences in long bone cross-sectional growth. Bone. July–August 1993;14(4):635-642.
1980	Carter DR, Smith DJ, Spengler DM, Daly CH, Frankel VH. Measurement and analysis of in vivo bone strains on the canine radius and ulna. J Biomech. 1980;13(1):27-38.
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1997	Les CM, Stover SM, Keyak JH, Taylor KT, Willits NH. The distribution of material properties in the equine third metacarpal bone serves to enhance sagittal bending. J Biomech. April 1997;30(4):355-361.
1997	Adams DJ, Spirt AA, Brown TD, Fritton SP, Rubin CT, Brand RA. Testing the daily stress stimulus theory of bone adaptation with natural and experimentally controlled strain histories. J Biomech. July 1997;30(7):671-678.
2002	Gross TS, Srinivasan S, Liu CC, Clemens TL, Bain SD. Noninvasive loading of the murine tibia: an in vivo model for the study of mechanotransduction. J Bone Miner Res. March 2002;17(3):493-501.
1994	Les CM, Keyak JH, Stover SM, Taylor KT, Kaneps AJ. Estimation of material properties in the equine metacarpus with use of quantitative computed tomography. J Orthop Res. November 1994;12(6):822-833.
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2003	Peterman MM. A Strain Map of the Human Distal Tibia During the Stance Phase of Walking, from Dynamic Cadaver Experiments and Finite Element Analysis Simulations [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; August 2003.
1993	van der Meulen MCH. The Influence of Mechanics on Long Bone Development and Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1993.
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1987	Stover SM. Dorsal Metacarpal Disease in Thoroughbred Horses: Relationship to the Development of the Third Metacarpal Bone [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 1987.
1996	Adams DJ. Mechanical Factors Initiating Appositional Bone Formation [PhD thesis]. University of Iowa; May 1996.