The role of matrix composition in the mechanical behavior of bone

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Unal, Mustafa^1,2,3; Creecy, Amy^1,2,4; Nyman, Jeffry S.^1,2,3,4,5

The role of matrix composition in the mechanical behavior of bone

Curr Osteoporos Rep. June 2018;16(3):205-215

©2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

Affiliations

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

²Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

³Vanderbilt Biophotonics Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

⁴Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA

⁵Vanderbilt Orthopedic Institute, Medical Center East, South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
Abstract and keywords

Purpose of Review: While thinning of the cortices or trabeculae weakens bone, age-related changes in matrix composition also lower fracture resistance. This review summarizes how the organic matrix, mineral phase, and water compartments influence the mechanical behavior of bone, thereby identifying characteristics important to fracture risk.

Recent Findings: In the synthesis of the organic matrix, tropocollagen experiences various post-translational modifications that facilitate a highly organized fibril of collagen I with a preferred orientation giving bone extensibility and several toughening mechanisms. Being a ceramic, mineral is brittle but increases the strength of bone as its content within the organic matrix increases. With time, hydroxyapatite-like crystals experience carbonate substitutions, the consequence of which remains to be understood. Water participates in hydrogen bonding with organic matrix and in electrostatic attractions with mineral phase, thereby providing stability to collagen-mineral interface and ductility to bone.

Summary: Clinical tools sensitive to age- and disease-related changes in matrix composition that the affect mechanical behavior of bone could potentially improve fracture risk assessment.

Keywords: Mineral; Type 1 collagen; Bone quality; Advanced glycation end-product; Post-translation modifications; Water
Links

DOI: 10.1007/s11914-018-0433-0

PubMed: 29611037

WoS: 000431895600001
History

Online: 2018-04-03

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