Load limiters at seat track, seat, seat back, and lap belt were investigated to determine their effect on pelvis and lumbar spine loading, using the SAFER human body model and models of a semi-rigid seat and a triple-pretensioned, load-limited belt system. The models were evaluated with four sled tests involving 50 km/h frontal impacts using average-size male post-mortem human subjects reclined at 50 deg. Modelled results for excursions of the head, T1, T8, T11, L1, L3, and pelvis – together with pelvis rotations and belt forces – correlated well with the sled test results, with a total correlation and analysis rating of 0.81. The largest reduction in lumbar spine loading was obtained from seat track and seat load limiting, while the largest reduction in pelvis loading was obtained from seat track and double lap belt load limiting. Seat back load limiting led to only a small reduction of pelvis and lumbar spine loading. The combined effect of seat track, seat, and lap belt load limiting reduced L1-L2 lumbar spine compression forces from 4 to 2 kN, flexion moments from 100 to 42 Nm, and total pelvis anterior superior iliac spine forces from 9.1 to 4.5 kN.
Keywords:
Lumbar spine; pelvis; reclined; SAFER HBM; seat belt