Variation in dimensions and mechanical properties of the femur was examined in relation to variation in age and sex of the subject. One hundred and forty-five fresh, adult femora were studied. Mean values are given of the breaking load of the femur and the tensile strength of the femoral compact bone for members of each sex. The mean breaking load of the femora of female subjects is less than that of male subjects, and it is concluded that this difference is due to the smaller dimensions of the female skeleton; mechanical deterioration of bone tissue is responsible for reduction in strength of the femur with increasing age of the subject. It is suggested that factors other than increase in porosity are responsible for reduction in tensile strength of compact bone.