Mechanical characterization of liver capsule through uniaxial quasi-static tensile tests until failure

Brunon, A.; Bruyere-Garnier, K.; Coret, M.

Affiliations

¹Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69000, France

²Laboratoire de Biomécanique et de Mécanique des Chocs - INRETS, UMR_T9406, 25 Av. F. Mitterrand, case 24, 69675 Bron Cedex, France

³Université Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France

⁴INSA-Lyon, LaMCoS UMR5259, F-69621, France

Abstract and keywords

Accidentology data showed that liver is often injured in car crashes; three types of injuries occur: hematoma, laceration and vessel failure. This paper focuses on surface laceration, which involves liver capsule and hepatic parenchyma. Liver capsule behavior has been studied but its failure properties are still unclear, particularly on a local point of view. In the present study, tensile quasi-static tests are run on parenchyma and capsule samples until failure to characterize capsule failure. Normalized load as well as failure properties—ultimate load per width unit and ultimate strain—are determined. Digital image correlation is used to measure the full local strain field on the capsule. Mean values of failure characteristics for hepatic capsule are 47±29% for the ultimate local strain and 0.3±0.3 N/mm for the ultimate load per width unit. A comparison between human and porcine tissues is conducted based on Mann–Whitney statistical test; it reveals that capsule characteristics are close between these two species; however, freezing preservation significantly affects porcine capsule failure properties. Therefore using porcine instead of human tissue to determine failure characteristics of liver capsule seems satisfactory only on fresh tissues.

Keywords: Liver; Tensile test; Failure; Human; Porcine; Capsule

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.038

PubMed: 20394930

WoS: 000281534000025

History

Accepted: 2010-03-12

Cited Works (13)

Year	Entry
1970	Yamada H. Strength of Biological Materials. Evans FG, ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins Company; 1970.
1973	Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL, Roberts VL, Trollope ML. Impact injury mechanisms in abdominal organs. In: Proceedings of the 17th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 17-19, 1973; Coronado, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:115-126. SAE 730968.
2006	Kerdok AE, Ottensmeyer MP, Howe RD. Effects of perfusion on the viscoelastic characteristics of liver. J Biomech. 2006;39(12):2221-2231.
2000	Augenstein J, Bowen J, Perdeck E, Singer M, Stratton J, Horton T, Rao A, Digges K, Malliaris A, Steps J. Injury patterns in near-side collisions. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress. March 6-9, 2000; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2000-01-0634.
2005	Snedeker JG, Niederer P, Schmidlin FR, Farshad M, Demetropoulos CK, Lee JB, Yang KH. Strain-rate dependent material properties of the porcine and human kidney capsule. J Biomech. May 2005;38(5):1011-1021.
2009	Santago A, Kemper A, McNally C, Sparks J, Duma S. Freezing affects the mechanical properties of bovine liver. In: Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. Vol 45. 2009:24-29.
2002	Stingl J, Bácâ V, Ĉech P, Kovanda J, Kovandová H, Mandys V, Rejmontová J, Sosna B. Morphology and some biomechanical properties of human liver and spleen. Surg Radiol Anat. December 2002;24(5):285-289.
1998	Elhagediab AM, Rouhana SW. Patterns of abdominal injury in frontal automotive crashes. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.327-337.
1999	Farshad M, Barbezat M, Flüeler P, Schmidlin F, Graber P, Niederer P. Material characterization of the pig kidney in relation with the biomechanical analysis of renal trauma. J Biomech. April 1999;32(4):417-425.
2002	Tamura A, Omori K, Miki K, Lee JB, Yang KH, King AI. Mechanical characterization of porcine abdominal organs. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:55-69. SAE 2002-22-0003.
1998	Van Ee CA, Chasse AL, Myers BS. The effect of postmortem time and freezer storage on the mechanical properties of skeletal muscle. In: Proceedings of the 42nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 2-4, 1998; Tempa, AZ. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:169-. SAE 983155.
1986	Woo SL-Y, Orlando CA, Camp JF, Akeson WH. Effects of postmortem storage by freezing on ligament tensile behavior. J Biomech. 1986;19(5):399-404.
2009	Santago A, Kemper A, McNally C, Sparks J, Duma S. The effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of bovine liver. In: Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation. Vol 45. 2009:376-381.

Cited By (13)

Year	Entry
2015	Hardy WN, Howes MK, Kemper AR, Rouhana SW. Impact and injury response of the abdomen. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:373-434.
2012	Litlzer S, Vezin P. Characterization of the intima layer of the aorta by digital image correlation in dynamic traction up to failure. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.650-661.
2013	Sato F, Yamamoto Y, Ito D, Antona‐Makoshi J, Ejima S, Kamiji K, Yasuki T. Hyper‐viscoelastic response of perfused liver under dynamic compression and estimation of tissue strain thresholds with a liver finite element model. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.736-750.
2013	Untaroiu CD, Lu Y, Kemper AR. Modeling the biomechanical and injury response of human liver parenchyma under tensile loading. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.751-759.
2013	Lu Y-C, Kemper AR, Gayzik S, Untaroiu CD, Beillas P. Statistical modeling of human liver incorporating the variations in shape, size, and material properties. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:285-311.
2012	Anssari-Benam A, Legerlotz K, Bader DL, Screen HR. On the specimen length dependency of tensile mechanical properties in soft tissues: gripping effects and the characteristic decay length. J Biomech. September 21, 2012;45(14):2481-2482.
2011	Pervin F, Chen WW, Weerasooriya T. Dynamic compressive response of bovine liver tissues. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. January 2011;4(1):76-84.
2011	Libertiaux V, Pascon F, Cescotto S. Experimental verification of brain tissue incompressibility using digital image correlation. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. October 2011;4(7):1177-1185.
2013	Lu Y-C, Untaroiu CD. Effect of storage methods on indentation-based material properties of abdominal organs. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H-J Eng Med. March 2013;227(3):293-301.
2021	Estermann S-J. Replicating Liver Tissue in Terms of Mechanical Properties for Anatomical Models [PhD thesis]. Vienna University of Technology; 2021.
2014	Tan K. Characterising the Viscoelasticity of Soft Biological Tissues Under Large Deformation [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; March 2014.
2013	Howes MK. Injury Mechanisms, Tissue Properties, and Response of the Post-Mortem Human Abdomen in Frontal Impact [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; 2013.
2017	Dunford KM. Effect of Postmortem Time and Preservation Fluid on the Tensile Material Properties of Bovine Liver Parenchyma [Master's thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; October 5, 2017.