Fundamental study of side impact analysis using the finite element model of the human thorax

Furusu, Katsuya<sup>1</sup>; Watanabe, Isao<sup>1</sup>; Kato, Chiharu<sup>1</sup>; Miki, Kazuo<sup>1</sup>; Hasegawa, Junji<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Bio Mechanics Laboratory, Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., Yokomichi 41-1, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan

²Vehicle Engineering Div., Higashifuji Technical Center, Toyota Motor Corporation, 1200, Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1107, Japan

Abstract

In order to analyze the human properties for impacts, the authors are developing the finite element (FE) model of the whole human body. In this paper, the thorax model was developed and validated by comparison with published cadaver test data. Some injury data of side impacts were calculated using this thorax model. The results are as follows: (1) The response of this thorax model agreed well with that of cadavers. (2) Injury data for side impacts can be calculated adequately using this thorax model.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0389-4304(01)00084-4

History

Received: 2000-11-13

Cited Works (6)

Year	Entry
1989	Viano DC. Biomechanical responses and injuries in blunt lateral impact. In: Proceedings of the 33rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 4-6, 1989; Washington, DC. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:113-142. SAE 892432.
1974	Kroell CK, Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact tolerance and response of the human thorax II. In: Proceedings of the 18th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 4-5, 1974; Ann Arbor, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-457. SAE 741187.
1986	Lau IV, Viano DC. The viscous criterion: bases and applications of an injury severity index for soft tissues. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:123-142. SAE 861882.
1994	Plank GR, Kleinberger M, Eppinger RH. Finite element modeling and analysis of thorax/restraint system interaction. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.210-219.
1997	Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Hines MH, Maltese MR, McFadden J, Saul R, Eppinger R, Khaewpong N, Kleinberger M. Chestband analysis of human tolerance to side impact. In: Proceedings of the 41st Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 13-14, 1997; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:63-74. SAE 973320.
1986	Morgan RM, Marcus JH, Eppinger RH. Side impact: the biofidelity of NHTSA's proposed ATD and efficacy of TTI. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:27-40. SAE 861877.

Cited By (21)

Year	Entry
2002	Iwamoto M, Kisanuki Y, Watanabe I, Furusu K, Miki K, Hasegawa J. Development of a finite element model of the total human model for safety (THUMS) and application to injury reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 2002 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 18-20, 2002; Munich, Germany.
2008	Yuen KF, Cronin DS, Deng YC. Lung response and injury in side impact conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.87-98.
2010	Mroz K, Bostrom O, Pipkorn B, Wismans J, Brolin K. Comparison of Hybrid III and human body models in evaluating thoracic response for various seat belt and airbag loading conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 15-17, 2010; Hannover, Germany.265-279.
2011	Cronin DS. Explicit finite element method applied to impact biomechanics problems. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.240-254.
2012	Brolin K, Mendoza‐Vazquez M, Song E, Lecuyer E, Davidsson J. Design implications for improving an anthropomorphic test device based on human body simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.843-855.
2017	Holcombe SA, Ejima S, Wang SC. Calcification of costal cartilage in the adult rib cage. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.737-744.
2019	Huang Y, Zhou Q, Wang SC, Nie BB, Holcombe SA. An anatomic indexing system for costal cartilage and ist application in calcification representation in finite-element human body models. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.138-149.
2003	Ruan J, El-Jawahri R, Chai L, Barbat S, Prasad P. Prediction and analysis of human thoracic impact responses and injuries in cadaver impacts using a full human body finite element model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:299-321. SAE 2003-22-0014.
2003	Stitzel JD, Cormier JM, Barretta JT, Kennedy EA, Smith EP, Rath AL, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Defining regional variation in the material properties of human rib cortical bone and its effect on fracture prediction. Stapp Car Crash J. 2003;47:243-265. SAE 2003-22-0012.
2005	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Ng TP, Stitzel JD, Smith EP, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:199-230. SAE 2005-22-0010.
2005	Ruan JS, El-Jawahri R, Barbat S, Prasad P. Biomechanical analysis of human abdominal impact responses and injuries through finite element simulations of a full human body model. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:343-366. SAE 2005-22-0016.
2010	Forman JL, del Pozo de Dios E, Arregui Dalmases C, Kent RW. The contribution of the perichondrium to the structural mechanical behavior of the costal-cartilage. J Biomech Eng. September 2010;132(9):094501.
2005	Mizuno K, Iwata K, Deguchi T, Ikami T, Kubota M. Development of a three-year-old child FE model. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2005;6(4):361-371.
2010	Forman JL, Del Pozo de Dios E, Kent RW. A pseudo-elastic effective material property representation of the costal cartilage for use in finite element models of the whole human body. Traffic Inj Prev. 2010;11(6):613-622.
2012	Östh J, Brolin K, Carlsson S, Wismans J, Davidsson J. The occupant response to autonomous braking: a modeling approach that accounts for active musculature. Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(3):265-277.
2010	Hallman JJ. Detrimental Thoracoabdominal Interaction With Lateral Airbag Restraints [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 2010.
2009	Forman J. The Structural Characteristics of the Costal Cartilage: The Roles of Calcification and the Perichondrium, and the Representation of the Costal Cartilage in Finite Element Models of the Human Body [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2009.
2006	Lau AG. Development of a Microstructural Homogenization Model for Calcifying Cartilage Using the Generalized Method of Cells [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2006.
2005	Forbes PA. Development of a Human Body Model for the Analysis of Side Impact Automotive Thoracic Trauma [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2005.
2009	Yuen KF. The Development of a Numerical Human Body Model for the Analysis of Automotive Side Impact Lung Trauma [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2009.
2003	Stitzel JD. The Role of Local Material Properties in Modeling Fracture Tolerance of the Human Thorax [PhD thesis]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; September 19, 2003.