A new method for determining cross-sectional shape and area of soft tissues

Lee, Thay Q.; Woo, Savio L-Y.

Affiliations

¹STAMP Program, Long Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Department of Orthopaedics, University of California, Irvine, Orange, Calif. 92668

²Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, and University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif. 92030

Abstract

Assessment of the mechanical properties of soft tissues requires accurate measurement of the cross-sectional area. To date, techniques for determining cross-sectional areas of ligaments and tendons have been less than ideal due to the tissues’ complex geometries and the fact that they deform easily under an applied external load. A new procedure has been developed for determining the cross-sectional area by means of an image reconstruction technique based on measurements from collimated laser beams. Using this procedure, the actual shape of the specimen cross-section can also be determined. The results are demonstrated to be highly accurate, and this methodology does not require mechanical contact with the specimen.

Links

DOI: 10.1115/1.3108414

PubMed: 3379932

WoS: A1988N541000005

History

Received: 1987-12-18

Revised: 1998-03-01

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Cited By (30)

Year	Entry
1990	Woo SL-Y, Weiss JA, MacKenna DA. Biomechanics and morphology of the medial collateral and anterior cruciate ligaments. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 1. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:63-104.
2003	Woo SL-Y, Abramowitch SD, Loh JC, Musahl V, Wang JH-C. Ligament healing: present status and the future of functional tissue engineering. In: Guilak F, Butler DL, Goldstein SA, Mooney DJ, eds. Functional Tissue Engineering. New York, NY: Inc., Springer-Verlag; 2003:17-34.
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2003	Kerrigan JR, Ivarsson BJ, Bose D, Madeley NJ, Millington SA, Bhalla KS, Crandall JR. Rate-sensitive constitutive and failure properties of human collateral knee ligaments. In: Proceedings of the 2003 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 25, 2003; Lisbon, Portugal.177-190.
1999	Stäubli HU, Schatzmann L, Brunner P, Rincón L, Nolte L-P. Mechanical tensile properties of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament in young adults. Am J Sports Med. 1999;27(1):27-34.
2000	Woo SL-Y, Debski RE, Zeminski J, Abramowitch SD, Chan Saw SS, Fenwick JA. Injury and repair of ligaments and tendons. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2000;2:83-118.
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2005	Hashemi J, Chandrashekar N, Cowden C, Slauterbeck J. An alternative method of anthropometry of anterior cruciate ligament through 3-D digital image reconstruction. J Biomech. May 2005;38(3):551-555.
2011	Vergari C, Pourcelot P, Holden L, Ravary-Plumioën B, Gerard G, Laugier P, Mitton D, Crevier-Denoix N. True stress and Poisson's ratio of tendons during loading. J Biomech. February 24, 2011;44(4):719-724.
1990	Woo SL-Y, Danto MI, Ohland KJ, Lee TQ, Newton PO. The use of a laser micrometer system to determine the cross-sectional shape and area of ligaments: a comparative study with two existing methods. J Biomech Eng. November 1990;112(4):426-431.
2004	Abramowitch SD, Woo SL-Y. An improved method to analyze the stress relaxation of ligaments following a finite ramp time based on the quasi-linear viscoelastic theory. J Biomech Eng. February 2004;126(1):92-97.
1991	Weiss JA, Woo SL-Y, Ohland KJ, Horibe S, Newton PO. Evaluation of a new injury model to study medial collateral ligament healing: primary repair versus nonoperative treatment. J Orthop Res. July 1991;9(4):516-528.
1993	Danto MI, Woo SL. The mechanical properties of skeletally mature rabbit anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon over a range of strain rates. J Orthop Res. January 1993;11(1):58-67.
1994	Johnson GA, Tramaglini DM, Levine RE, Ohno K, Choi N-Y, Woo SL-Y. Tensile and viscoelastic properties of human patellar tendon. J Orthop Res. 1994;12(6):796-803.
2005	Mkandawire C, Ledoux WR, Sangeorzan BJ, Ching RP. Foot and ankle ligament morphometry. J Rehab Res Dev. November–December 2005;42(6):809-819.
2008	Salisbury STS, Buckley CP, Zavatsky AB. Image-based non-contact method to measure cross-sectional areas and shapes of tendons and ligaments. Meas Sci Technol. April 2008;19(4):045705.
1997	Debski RE. A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach to Examine the Function of the Capsuloligamentous Structures At the Glenohumeral Joint [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 1997.
1998	Pfaeffle HJ. Role of the Interosseous Ligament in Forearm Compressive Load Transfer [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 1998.
2004	Abramowitch SD. An Evaluation of the Non-Linear Viscoelastic Properties of the Healing Medial Collateral Ligament [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2004.
2007	Papas NP. Potential of a Bioscaffold to Enhance the Healing of the MCL Following a Mop-End Tear: An Animal Model Study [Master's thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2007.
2010	Fisher MB. Functional Tissue Engineering of the Healing Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Combined Experimental and Computational Approach [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2010.
2011	Feola AJ. Impact of Vaginal Synthetic Prolapse Meshes on the Mechanics of the Host Tissue Response [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2011.
2005	Chandrashekar NK. Sex-Based Difference in the Morphology, Tensile Properties and Ultrastructure of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Patellar Tendon [PhD thesis]. Lubboch, TX: Texas Tech University; December 2005.
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1998	Derwin KA. A Quantitative Investigation of Structure-Function Relationships in a Tendon Fascicle Model [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1998.
2008	Pokhai GG. The Development of a Laser Reflectance System to Measure the Cross-Sectional Area of Soft Tissues [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; June 2008.
2011	Weber JF. Mechanical Property Quantification of Tendons Using Improved Methodologies [Master's thesis]. University of Guelph; February 2011.