The 5th percentile female was chosen for an investigation of knee loading resulting from interaction with a deploying knee airbag. In this study, a total of 11 static knee airbag deployment tests were performed with a 5th percentile female Hybrid‐III dummy outfitted with either the original Hybrid‐III lower extremities or the 5th percentile THOR‐FLx. Baseline tests were performed with FMVSS 208 seating specifications, and a design of experiment for out‐of‐position conditions was developed with multiple factors including knee‐to‐instrument panel distance, knee‐to‐ knee distance, and foot placement. The upper tibia index values ranged from 0.95 to 1.31, and 0.78 to 1.21 for baseline tests of Hybrid‐III LX and THOR‐FLx, respectively. Lower tibia index values varied from 0.30 to 0.46 (Hybrid‐III) and from 0.51 to 0.79 (THOR‐FLx). For baseline tests, highest injury risk of AIS 2+ leg shaft fractures occurred in upper right tibia of Hybrid‐III LX (31.15%) and in upper left tibia of THORFLx (51.17%). Translating the dummy to the full‐forward position with the tibia contacting the knee bolster resulted in an average TI increase of 10% and greater abduction of both legs during knee airbag deployment. With the right foot moved inboard from accelerator to brake pedal, the average TI increased 120% relative to baseline. Overall, the highest average TI was recorded with the left foot moved inboard creating an adducted initial position. The results also predicted higher injury risk of tibia shaft fractures than foot and ankle fractures. The elevated dummy lower extremity response recorded in this study suggests considerations to be made for out‐of‐position small female occupant response during knee airbag deployment.
Keywords:
Injury risk, knee airbag, lower extremity, out‐of‐position