Comparison study of two 3-year old child dummies:​ the Part 572 and the P3

Wismans, J.; Maltha, J.; Stalnaker, R. L.

Affiliations

¹Department of Injury Prevention, Research Institute for Road Vehicles TNO, Delft, The Netherlands

²Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA

Abstract

In a previous study the frontal crash response of the Part 572 3-year old child dummy in a child restraint system with harness was compared with a child cadaver.

In the ECE Regulation 44 a new dummy representing a 3-year old child is prescribed: the P3. This dummy has been compared with the Part 572 dummy in two types of child restraint systems: a system with harness belts and a system with a dynamic impact shield. In addition the dummy performance was confrontated with that of the cadaver.

The MADYMO mathematical Crash Victim Simulation program was used in an extensive sensitivity study for detailed analysis of the differences between both dummies. Simulations were performed with varied dummy characteristics like mass distribution and joint range of motions.

Differences in the performance of both dummies and the cadaver are shown and explained by means of the results of the sensitivity study. The kinematical effect of the vertebral column of the cadaver is found to be simulated in a more realistic way by the P3 than by the Part 572 dummy. Some recommendations on how to improve future child dummy design are given.

Cited Works (5)

Year	Entry
1980	Stalnaker RL, Maltha J. MADYMO used for computer aided design of a dynamic acting child restraint seat. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.107-116.
1979	Wismans J, Maltha J, Melvin JW, Stalnaker RL. Child restraint evaluation by experimental and mathematical simulation. In: Proceedings of the 23rd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1979; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:383-415. SAE 791017.
1980	Maltha J, Wismans J. MADYMO — crash victim simulations, a computorised research and design tool. In: Proceedings of the 1980 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 1980; Birmingham, England.1-13.
1981	Wismans J, Stalnaker RL, Maltha J. Comparison study of two 3-year old child dummies (Part 572 and P3) in a harness type child restraint system. In: Proceedings of the 1981 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1981; Salon de Provence, France.321-330.
1976	Kallieris D, Barz J, Schmidt G, Heess G, Mattern R. Comparison between child cadavers and child dummy by using child restraint systems in simulated collisions. In: Proceedings of the 20th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 18-20, 1976; Dearborn, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:513-542. SAE 760815.

Cited By (2)

Year	Entry
1987	Czernakowski W, Klanner W. Development of a two-dimensional sensor determining abdominal loading on TNO-dummies. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 12-15, 1987; Washington, DC.323-332.
1982	Bastiaanse JC, Maltha J, Tak AGM. Evaluation of the dynamic test requirements for child restraints according to the ECE 44 regulation. In: Proceedings of the 1982 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1982; Cologne, Germany.241-255.