Response of lower extremity in car-pedestrian impact:​ influence of muscle contraction

Soni, A.; Chawla, A.; Mukherjee, S.; Malhotra, R.

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, INDIA

²Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. INDIA

Abstract and keywords

This paper investigates the effect of muscle contraction on lower extremity injuries in carpedestrian lateral impact. A full body pedestrian model with active muscles has been developed. FE simulations have been conducted using the full body model and front structures of a car. Two preimpact conditions, that of a symmetrically standing pedestrian, representing a cadaver and an unaware pedestrian have been simulated. Stretch based reflexive action was included in the simulations for an unaware pedestrian. Results show that due to muscle contraction (1) peak strain in all the knee ligaments reduces (2) VonMises stresses in tibia and fibula increase to their ultimate stress limits and are predicted to fail and (3) knee joint effective stiffness increases by 67% in lateral bending.

Keywords: Muscle Contraction; Standing Posture; Car-Pedestrian Impact; Knee Injury; Finite Element Modeling

Cited Works (3)

Year	Entry
2007	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S. Effect of muscle contraction on knee loading for a standing pedestrian in lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1986	Butler DL, Kay MD, Stouffer DC. Comparison of material properties in fascicle-bone units from human patellar tendon and knee ligaments. J Biomech. 1986;19(6):425-432.
2007	Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Soni A, Malhotra R. Effect of active muscle forces on knee injury risks for pedestrian standing posture at low speed impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.95-112.

Cited By (5)

Year	Entry
2009	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Malhotra R. Effect of muscle contraction in low speed car-pedestrian impact: simulations for walking posture. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Malhotra R. Effect of muscle contraction in high speed car-pedestrian impact – simulations for walking posture. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.237-249.
2010	Soni A, Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Malhotra R. Lateral bending moment threshold of the knee joint. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 15-17, 2010; Hannover, Germany.211-214.
2012	Gras LL, Laporte S, Mitton D, Crevier‐Denoix N, Viot P. Tensile tests on a muscle: influence of experimental conditions and of velocity on its passive response. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.515-523.
2012	Kerrigan JR, Arregui‐Dalmases C, Foster J, Crandall JR, Rizzo A. Pedestrian injury analysis: field data vs. laboratory experiments. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.672-689.