Integrated pedestrian countermeasures: potential of head injury reduction combining passive and active countermeasures

wbldb

Fredriksson, Rikard^1,2; Rosén, Erik¹

Integrated pedestrian countermeasures: potential of head injury reduction combining passive and active countermeasures

Proceedings of the 2010 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Autoliv Research, Vårgårda, Sweden

²Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health, Stockholm, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

A rapid development of passive and active pedestrian safety systems is in progress. Using real-life accident data, this study shows that a combination of both these concepts offers a considerably increased potential for head protection compared to either of the two systems alone. The passive countermeasure considered in this study was designed to mitigate head injuries caused by the bonnet area, A-pillars, and the remaining windscreen area up to 2.1 m wrap around distance. The active countermeasure was designed to autonomously activate the brakes one second prior to impact if the pedestrian was visible to a forward-looking sensor.

Keywords: pedestrian; head injury; integrated safety; deployable devices; autonomous braking

Cited Works (15)

Year	Entry
2009	Rosén E, Källhammer J-E, Eriksson D, Nentwich M, Fredriksson R, Smith K. Pedestrian injury mitigation by autonomous braking. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2003	Maki T, Kajzer J, Mizuno K, Sekine Y. Comparative analysis of vehicle–bicyclist and vehicle–pedestrian accidents in Japan. Accid Anal Prev. November 2003;35(6):927-940.
2001	Fredriksson R, Håland Y, Yang J. Evaluation of a new pedestrian head injury protection system with a sensor in the bumper and lifting of the bonnet’s rear part. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands. SAE 2001-06-0089.
2003	Maki T, Asai T, Kajzer J. Development of future pedestrian protection technologies. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2001	Otte D, Pohlemann T. Analysis and load assessment of secondary impact to adult pedestrians after car collisions on roads. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2008	Subit D, Kerrigan J, Crandall J, Fukuyama K, Yamazaki K, Kamiji K, Yasuki T. Pedestrian-vehicle interaction: kinematics and injury analysis of four full scale tests. In: Proceedings of the 2008 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 17-19, 2008; Bern, Switzerland.275-294.
2008	Zhang Y, He Z, Fan S, He K, Li C. Automatic thresholding of micro-CT trabecular bone images. Proceedings of the International Conference on BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI 2008); May 27-30, 2008; Sanya, Hainan, China.23-27.
2005	Longhitano D, Henary B, Bhalla K, Ivarsson J, Crandall J. Influence of vehicle body type on pedestrian injury distribution. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. April 11-14, 2005; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2005-01-1876.
2010	Fredriksson R, Rosén E, Kullgren A. Priorities of pedestrian protection: a real-life study of severe injuries and car sources. Accid Anal Prev. November 2010;42(6):1672-1681.
2009	Rosén E, Sander U. Pedestrian fatality risk as a function of car impact speed. Accid Anal Prev. May 2009;41(3):536-542.
2005	Nagatomi K, Hanayama K, Ishizaki T, Sasaki S, Matsuda K. Development and full-scale dummy tests of a pop-up hood system for pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Kerrigan JR, Crandall JR, Deng B. Pedestrian kinematic response to mid-sized vehicle impact. Int J Veh Saf. 2007;2(3):221-240.
2007	Pinecki C, Zeitouni R. Technical solutions for enhancing the pedestrian protection. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2005	Roudsari BS, Mock CN, Kaufman R. An evaluation of the association between vehicle type and the source and severity of pedestrian injuries. Traffic Inj Prev. 2005;6(2):185-192.
2003	Otte D, Krettek C, Brunner H, Zwipp H. Scientific approach and methodology of a new in-depth-investigation study in germany so called GIDAS. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.

Cited By (8)

Year	Entry
2015	Simms CK, Wood D, Fredriksson R. Pedestrian injury biomechanics and protection. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:721-753.
2011	van Schijndel-de Nooij M, de Hair-Buijssen S, Versmissen T, Fredriksson R, Rosén E, Olsson J. Holland: VRU paradise goes for the next safety level. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Strandroth J, Rizzi M, Sternlund S, Lie A, Tingvall C. The correlation between pedestrian injury severity in real-life crashes and euro NCAP pedestrian test results. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Kullgren A, Lie A, Strandroth J, Rizzi M, Tingvall C. The importance of age for injury severity among car drivers and pedestrians. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2015	Takahashi Y, Asanuma H, Yanaoka T. Development of a full‐body human FE model for pedestrian crash reconstructions. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.530-545.
2018	Shaikh J, Lubbe N. Potential of improved passenger car front end design for head protection to reduce serious injuries of vulnerable road users in India. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Asia Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. April 25-28, 2018; Lonavala, India.41-44.
2011	Fredriksson R, Shin J, Untaroiu CD. Potential of pedestrian protection systems: a parameter study using finite element models of pedestrian dummy and generic passenger vehicles. Traffic Inj Prev. August 2011;12(4):398-411.
2011	Strandroth J, Rizzi M, Sternlund S, Lie A, Tingvall C. The correlation between pedestrian injury severity in real-life crashes and Euro NCAP pedestrian test results. Traffic Inj Prev. 2011;12(6):604-613.