Development and validation of the human neck muscle model under impact loading

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Ejimac, Susumu¹; Ono, Koshiro¹; Kaneoka, Koji¹; Fukushima, Makoto¹

Development and validation of the human neck muscle model under impact loading

Proceedings of the 2005 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Japan Automobile Research Institute

²Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of TSUKUBA
Abstract and keywords

This study involved the generation, validation and evaluation of the finite element muscle model of the human neck, with a long term goal of predicting the cervical spine motion. The neck muscle model was developed from cross-sectional slice picture data of the human neck using image based techniques. This was then adapted into a finite element model of the muscular system, and integrated into an existing finite element skeletal structure. The integrated finite element model was validated against data obtained from volunteer testing of low-speed rear-end impacts. The primary criteria used for validation were head center of gravity angular displacement and acceleration, and were found to each comply appropriately. Using the validated model, the forces and stresses induced in each of the key neck muscles during a rear impact simulation were recorded, and the influence of the muscles on the cervical vertebra motions was also identified. These results highlight the benefits that can be obtained from using a muscle based neck model for investigating the local motion of the neck, and the effect of these local motions on minor neck injuries.

Keywords: Impact Biomechanics; Finite Element Method; Effect of Neck Muscles; Low-speed rear-end impact

Cited Works (9)

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Cited By (8)

Year	Entry
2015	Brolin K, Östh J, Svensson M, Sato F, Ono K, Linder A, Kullgren A. Aiming for an average female virtual human body model for seat performance assessment in rear-end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2015	Östh J, Brolin K, Ólafsdóttir JM, Davidsson J, Pipkorn B, Jakobsson L, Törnvall F, Lindkvist M. Muscle activation strategies in human body models for the development of integrated safety. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2021	Meyer F, Humm J, Yoganandan N, Leszczynski A, Bourdet N, Deck C, Willinger R. Development of a detailed human neck finite element model and injury risk curves under lateral impact. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. April 2021;116:104318.
2014	Östh J. Muscle Responses of Car Occupants: Numerical Modeling and Volunteer Experiments Under Pre-Crash Braking Conditions [PhD thesis]. Götenburg, Sweden: Chalmers University of Technology; 2014.
2008	Hedenstierna S. 3D Finite Element Modeling of Cervical Musculature and Its Effect on Neck Injury Prevention [PhD thesis]. Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology; 2008.
2014	Newell R. Are Inversion, Posture, Motion and Muscle Effects Important to Spinal Alignment? [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2014.
2018	Schoenfeld M. Cervical Intervertebral Kinematics and Neck Muscle Responses During Simulated Vehicle Rollovers [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; August 2018.
2020	Correia MA. Optimization of Neck Musculature Activation for Head Kinematics in Frontal, Lateral and Rear Impact Simulations [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020.