An assessment of subject variability, subject-shoe interaction, and the evaluation of running shoes using ground reaction force data

Bates, B. T.; Osternig, L. R.; Sawhill, J. A.; James, S. L.

Affiliations

¹Biomechanics Sports Medicine Laboratory, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97303, USA

²Orthopedic and Fracture Clinic of Eugene, OR, USA

Abstract

Several aspects of dynamic foot function were investigated using ground reaction forces obtained from five runners performing in five different shoes. A minimum of eight trials were necessary in order to obtain stable subject-condition values. Statistically significant subject-shoe interactions occurred for all parameters. It was therefore concluded that a knowledge of shoe characteristics independent of subject characteristics provided little useful information regarding the effects of the shoes tested on selected foot mechanics of the runners. The various subject-conditions were evaluated in an attempt to determine which was the best shoe. Selected descriptive data are presented and the ‘best’ shoe concept discussed.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(83)90125-2

PubMed: 6863333

WoS: A1983QR33800002

History

Received: 1982-11-1

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
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1978	James SL, Bates BT, Osternig LR. Injuries to runners. Am J Sports Med. 1978;6(2):40-50.

Cited By (20)

Year	Entry
1989	Nilsson J, Thorstensson A. Ground reaction forces at different speeds of human walking and running. Acta Physiol Scand. 1989;136(2):217-227.
1998	Novacheck TF. The biomechanics of running. Gait Post. January 1998;7(1):77-95.
1994	Kim W, Voloshin AS, Johnson SH. Modeling of heel strike transients during running. Hum Mov Sci. June 1994;13(2):221-244.
1985	Dickinson JA, Cook SD, Leinhardt TM. The measurement of shock waves following heel strike while running. J Biomech. 1985;18(6):415-422.
1987	Munro CF, Miller DI, Fuglevand AJ. Ground reaction forces in running: a reexamination. J Biomech. 1987;20(2):147-155.
1988	Whalen RT, Carter DR, Steele CR. Influence of physical activity on the regulation of bone density. J Biomech. 1988;21(10):825-837.
2008	Riley PO, Dicharry J, Franz J, Della Croce U, Wilder RP, Kerrigan DC. A kinematics and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill running. Med Sci Sports Exer. June 2008;40(6):1093-1100.
1984	Hennig EM. Pressure Distribution Under the Impacting Human Foot During Expected and Unexpected Falls [PhD thesis]. State College, PA: Pennsylvania State University; December 1984.
1988	Whalen RT. The Influence of the Daily Stress History on the Regulation of Bone Density [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; February 1988.
1998	Giddings VL. Computer Simulations of Calcaneal Loading and Bone Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1998.
2004	Roy J-P. The Influence of Shoe Midsole Bending Stiffness on Running Economy, Joint Energetics and Muscular Activation [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; January 2004.
2017	Hoerzer S. Selected Methodological Approaches to Identify Functional Groups in Running [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 2017.
2022	Fabian Christoph Hoitz. Layer-Wise Relevance Propagation and Its Applications in Running Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2022.
2010	Maehler ML. The Influence of Shoe Type and Leg/foot Structure on Lower Extremity Biomechanics [Master's thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2010.
2020	Burns GT. Runners as Biomechanical Systems: New Approaches With the Spring-Mass Model [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020.
1989	McCaw ST. Bilateral Lower Extremity Function During the Support Phase of Running [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1989.
1991	Schot PK. Analysis of Bilateral Symmetry of Lower Extremity Function During Landing [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; March 1991.
1993	Davis HP. Simulation of Performer Variability for Drop Landing [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; March 1993.
1999	Mercer JA. Effects of Fatigue on Shock Attenuation During Running [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; June 1999.
2013	Frost D. Towards the Establishment of a Worker-Centered Framework to Physically Prepare Firefighters: The Evaluation of Movement and the Transfer of Training [PhD thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2013.