Effects of physical inactivity, paralysis, and weightlessness on bone growth

Whedon, G. Donald; Heaney, Robert P.

Affiliations

¹Shriners Hospitals for Crippled Children, International Shrine Headquarters, Tampa, Florida

²John A. Creighton University Professor, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska

Cited Works (21)

Year	Entry
1988	Skerry TM, Bitensky L, Chayen J, Lanyon LE. Loading-related reorientation of bone proteoglycan in vivo: strain memory in bone tissue? J Orthop Res. July 1988;6(4):547-551.
1990	Beaupré GS, Orr TE, Carter DR. An approach for time‐dependent bone modeling and remodeling: theoretical development. J Orthop Res. September 1990;8(5):651-661.
1970	Donaldson CL, Hulley SB, Vogel JM, Hattner RS, Bayers JH, McMillan DE. Effect of prolonged bed rest on bone mineral. Metabolism. December 1970;19(12):1071-1084.
1991	Turner CH. Homeostatic control of bone structure: an application of feedback theory. Bone. 1991;12(3):203-217.
1988	Pead MJ, Suswillo R, Skerry TM, Vedi S, Lanyon LE. Increased ³H-uridine levels in osteocytes following a single short period of dynamic bone loadingin vivo. Calcif Tiss Int. August 1988;43(2):92-96.
1981	Woo SL-Y, Kuei SC, Amiel D, Gomez MA, Hayes WC, White FC, Akeson WH. The effect of prolonged physical training on the properties of long bone: a study of Wolff's Law. J Bone Joint Surg. June 1981;63A(5):780-787.
1984	Currey JD. Mechanical Adaptations of Bone. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1984.
1988	Pead MJ, Skerry TM, Lanyon LE. Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading. J Bone Miner Res. December 1988;3(6):647-656.
1989	Skerry TM, Bitensky L, Chayen J, Lanyon LE. Early strain‐related changes in enzyme activity in osteocytes following bone loading in vivo. J Bone Miner Res. October 1989;4(5):783-788.
1974	Minaire P, Meunier P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Courpron P, Bourret J. Quantitative histological data on disuse osteoporosis: comparison with biological data. Calcif Tiss Res. December 1974;17(1):57-73.
1988	Dalsky GP, Stocke KS, Ehsani AA, Slatopolsky E, Lee WC, Birge SJ Jr. Weight-bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. June 1988;108(6):824-828.
1982	Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Limb mechanics as a function of speed and gait: a study of functional strains in the radius and tibia of horse and dog. J Exp Biol. December 1982;101:187-211.
1985	Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone mass by mechanical strain magnitude. Calcif Tiss Int. 1985;37(4):411-417.
1984	Rubin CT, Lanyon LE. Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1984;66A(3):397-402.
1990	El Haj AJ, Minter SL, Rawlinson SCF, Suswillo R, Lanyon LE. Cellular responses to mechanical loading in vitro. J Bone Miner Res. September 1990;5(9):923-932.
1978	Morey ER, Baylink DJ. Inhibition of bone formation during space flight. Science. September 22, 1978;201(4361):1138-1141.
1977	Jones HH, Priest JD, Hayes WC, Tichenor CC, Nagel DA. Humeral hypertrophy in response to exercise. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1977;59A(2):204-208.
1983	Jee WS, Wronski TJ, Morey ER, Kimmel DB. Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1983;244(3):R310-R314.
1990	Leblanc AD, Schneider VS, Evans HJ, Engelbretson DA, Krebs JM. Bone mineral loss and recovery after 17 weeks of bed rest. J Bone Miner Res. August 1990;5(8):843-850.
1982	O'Connor JA, Lanyon LE, MacFie H. The influence of strain rate on adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech. 1982;15(10):767-781.
1983	Krølner B, Toft B. Vertebral bone loss: an unheeded side effect of therapeutic bed rest. Clin Sci (London). 1983;64(5):537-540.

Cited By (5)

Year	Entry
2006	Ruff C, Holt B, Trinkaus E. Who's afraid of the big bad Wolff? “Wolff's law” and bone functional adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol. April 2006;129(4):484-498.
1997	Owan I, Burr DB, Turner CH, Qiu J, Tu Y, Onyia JE, Duncan RL. Mechanotransduction in bone: osteoblasts are more responsive to fluid forces than mechanical strain. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. September 1997;273(3):C810-C815.
2000	Chen NX, Ryder KD, Pavalko FM, Turner CH, Burr DB, Qiu J, Duncan RL. Ca²⁺ regulates fluid shear-induced cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression in osteoblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. May 2000;278(5):C989-C997.
2007	Skedros JG, Baucomb SL. Mathematical analysis of trabecular “trajectories” in apparent trajectorial structures: the unfortunate historical emphasis on the human proximal femur. J Theo Biol. January 7, 2007;244(1):15-45.
1993	van der Meulen MCH. The Influence of Mechanics on Long Bone Development and Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1993.