This thesis is intended to improve the understanding of foaming behaviors in various foam injection molding processes:​ structural foam molding, gas counter pressure molding, and gas counter pressure with mold opening. The foaming behavior in foam injection molding is different from foam extrusion in two ways. First, foaming occurs in a confined volume, which consists of a mold, whereas, it occurs in an open environment in foam extrusion. And second, while the foaming behavior in foam extrusion does not change with time once the steady state is reached, foam injection molding is on the other hand, time-dependent. These differences made it very challenging to study the foaming behaviors in foam injection molding. In this thesis, experiments were first conducted in foam extrusion to understand the effects of processing and material parameters on cell nucleation and growth behaviors. Subsequently, the knowledge obtained from the foam extrusion experiments was transferred to the foam injection molding process and the fundamental foaming mechanisms in foam injection molding were developed by conducting extensive experiments. Four processing parameters were mainly studied in this thesis:​ injection speed, void fraction setting (i.e., shot size), nitrogen content, and gate resistance. The experimental results revealed that the mold pressure profile during the foam injection molding process governed its foaming behaviors. Furthermore, by analyzing the mold pressure profile during the structural foam molding, it was possible to predict the achievable cell density in structural foam molding based on the foam extrusion results. When the gas counter pressure was employed, the analysis of the foaming behavior was relatively easier since the cell nucleation did not occur during the injection stage. However, the cell density that was achieved by using the gas counter pressure was generally lower than that obtained in structural foam molding due to the lower pressure drop rate caused by the use of the gas counter pressure. It was also discovered that the use of mold opening in combination with the gas counter pressure was very effective when uniform cell structure with a high void fraction was desired in addition to class-A surface quality.