The influence of track compliance on running

McMahon, Thomas A.; Greene, Peter R.

Affiliations

¹Division of Applied Sciences, Pierce Hall, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

Abstract

A model of running is proposed in which the leg is represented as a rack-and-pinion element in series with a damped spring. The rack-and-pinion element emphasizes the role of descending commands, while the damped spring represents the dynamic properties of muscles and the position and the rate sensitivity of reflexes. This model is used to predict separately the effect of track compliance on step length and ground contact time. The predictions are compared with experiments in which athletes ran over tracks of controlled spring stiffness. A sharp spike in foot force up to 5 times body weight was found on hard surfaces, but this spike disappeared as the athletes ran on soft experimental tracks. Both ground contact time and step length increased on very compliant surfaces, leading to moderately reduced running speeds, but a range of track stiffness was discovered which actually enhances speed.

Links

DOI: 10.1016/0021-9290(79)90057-5

PubMed: 528547

WoS: A1979JB55300002

History

Received: 1978-07-17

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Cited By (28)

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2010	Braunstein B, Arampatzis A, Eysel P, Brüggemann G-P. Footwear affects the gearing at the ankle and knee joints during running. J Biomech. 2010;43(11):2120-2125.
1987	Nigg BM, Yeadon MR. Biomechanical aspects of playing surfaces. J Sports Sci. 1987;5(2):117-145.
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2021	Welker CG. Sensorimotor Control of Lower-Limb Assistive Devices [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 2021.
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2019	Martin JA. Non-Invasive Measurement of Tendon Stress Based on Shear Wave Propagation Speed [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2019.