While almost all modern seats receive good Insurance Institute for Highway Safety rear-impact ratings, they still are associated with a relatively large range of injury claim rates in insurance data. This study evaluated whether alternate rear-impact crash pulses and associated test metrics improve correlations with injury claim rates. A total of 50 rear impact sled tests were conducted using three different crash pulses: 16 km/h (Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP)), 20 km/h (Japan NCAP) and 24 km/h (Euro NCAP). Poisson regression was used to study the effects of principal components and selected individual test metrics on the rate of rear-impact personal injury protection claims per property damage liability claim while controlling for vehicle class. After correlation analysis, six individual metrics were selected for modelling. Increasing values of three (all from the 24-km/h test) were estimated to increase the injury claim rate at α = 0.05: T1 acceleration (p = 0.01), NKM (p = 0.004), and Head Contact Time (HCT) (p = 0.04). While many of the measures collected from the three different tests were correlated, results indicate the 24-km/h pulse is important for establishing meaningful differences between seat designs.
Keywords:
Consumer ratings programmes; rear-impact occupant protection; rear impacts; whiplash