As many as 1.9 million sports-related concussions occur annually in youth sports in the United States (U.S.). Often considered a transient injury, research has begun to relate sports-related concussions to long-term neurodegeneration. Youth athletes are considered to be more vulnerable to concussion than their adult counterparts due to myelination, increased head-body ratios, and ongoing physiologic development, among other factors. The research presented in this dissertation was aimed at informing player safety in youth football as it relates to concussion. Postural control dysfunction is often cited as one of the most common symptoms associated with a concussion. A cognitive, dual-task assessment was presented to aid clinicians in the management of sports-related concussion in youth athletes. On-field head impact data collected from youth football players wearing helmets outfitted with accelerometer arrays allowed for the characterization of the biomechanics of head impacts and concussions for this population. An injury metric was adapted from previous research to develop a youth concussion risk function, and youth concussions were observed to occur at lower biomechanical values than what has previously been reported for adult populations. The proposed testing standard for youth football helmets was assessed in the laboratory and related to on-field head impact data to determine how realistic the standard is relative to on-field head impacts in youth football. Safety standards and certifications currently operate on a pass-fail threshold that does not differentiate helmet performance. A modification of the Summation of Tests for the Analysis of Risk (STAR) evaluation system was developed for youth football helmets. Data presented in this dissertation have direct application to the development of future helmet safety standards and potentially other safety applications as well.
Keywords:
Concussion; Biomechanics; Acceleration; Pediatrics; Balance