Passenger kinematics variance in different vehicle manoeuvres: biomechanical response corridors based on principal component analysis

wbldb

Larsson, Emma¹; Ghaffari, Ghazaleh¹; Iraeus, Johan¹; Davidsson, Johan¹

Passenger kinematics variance in different vehicle manoeuvres: biomechanical response corridors based on principal component analysis

Proceedings of the 2022 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

This study explores the influence of occupant characteristics and belt type on occupant kinematics in evasive manoeuvres and provides models for construction of response corridors. Data originated from evasive manoeuvres with male and female volunteers.

Principal component analysis and linear mixed models were used on selected data to create predictive models for kinematics and belt time histories, using belt configuration, sex, age, stature, and BMI as co-variates. Monte Carlo simulations of resulting models were used to generate upper and lower response corridor limits around the predicted responses.

For translational and rotational displacements of the head and the torso, the first three principal components together captured 91%-99% of the variance in the responses. Belt configuration, sex, age, stature, BMI, and their interaction effects were found statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the linear mixed model analysis in lane changes, braking and U-turns at 40 km/h but not in U-turns at 30 km/h or when aware of turn. Response corridors for average sex, stature and BMI, were provided.

In conclusion, the models and data provided can be used for validation of human body models with a range of anthropometries and in different manoeuvres and belt configurations potentially occurring in pre-crash manoeuvres.

Keywords: Evasive manoeuvres; linear mixed model; occupant kinematics; principal component analysis; volunteer response corridors
Links

URL: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc22/pdf-files/22100.pdf

Cited Works (14)

Year	Entry
2014	Kirschbichler S, Huber P, Prüggler A, Steidl T, Sinz W, Mayer C, D`Addetta GA. Factors influencing occupant kinematics during braking and lane change maneuvers in a passenger vehicle. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.614-625.
2013	Östh J, Ólafsdóttir JM, Davidsson J, Brolin K. Driver kinematic and muscle responses in braking events with standard and reversible pre-tensioned restraints: validation data for human models. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:1-41.
2013	van Rooij L, Elrofai H, Philippens MMGM, Daanen HAM. Volunteer kinematics and reaction in lateral emergency maneuver tests. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2013;57:313-342.
2014	Huber P, Kirschbichler S, Prüggler A, Steidl T. Three‐dimensional occupant kinematics during frontal, lateral and combined emergency maneuvers. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.668-669.
2007	Ejima S, Ono K, Holcombe S, Kaneoka K, Fukushima M. A study on occupant kinematics behaviour and muscle activities during pre-impact braking based on volunteer tests. In: Proceedings of the 2007 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 19-21, 2007; Maastricht, The Netherlands.31-45.
2013	Ólafsdóttir JM, Östh JKH, Davidsson J, Brolin KB. Passenger kinematics and muscle responses in autonomous braking events with standard and reversible pre‐tensioned restraints. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.602-617.
2009	Ejima S, Zama Y, Ono K, Kaneoka K, Shiina I, Asada H. Prediction of pre-impact occupant kinematic behavior based on the muscle activity during frontal collision. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2011	Carlsson S, Davidsson J. Volunteer occupant kinematics during driver initiated and autonomous braking when driving in real traffic environments. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.125-136.
2019	Larsson K-J, Pipkorn B, Iraeus J, Bolte JH IV, Agnew AM, Hu J, Reed MP, Sunnevång C. Evaluation of the benefits of parametric human body model morphing for prediction of injury to elderly occupants in side impact. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.150-174.
2018	Ghaffari G, Brolin K, Bråse D, Pipkorn B, Svanberg B, Jakobsson L, Davidsson J. Passenger kinematics in lane change and lane change with braking manoeuvres using two belt configurations: standard and reversible pre‐pretensioner. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.493-511.
2010	Bose D, Crandall JR, Untaroiu CD, Maslen EH. Influence of pre-collision occupant parameters on injury outcome in a frontal collision. Accid Anal Prev. July 2010;42(4):1398-1407.
2006	Jakobsson L, Bergman T, Johansson L. Identifying thoracic and lumbar spinal injuries in car accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.61-71.
2012	Ejima S, Ito D, Satou F, Mikami K, Ono K, Kaneoka K, Shiina I. Effects of pre‐impact swerving/steering on physical motion of the volunteer in the low‐speed side‐impact sled test. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.352-366.
2016	Hwang E, Hu J, Chen C, Klein KF, Miller CS, Reed MP, Rupp JD, Hallman JJ. Development, evaluation, and sensitivity analysis of parametric finite element whole-body human models in side impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2016;60:473-508.

Cited By (3)

Year	Entry
2023	Kirschbichler S, Klein C, Breitfuss D, Steidl T, Pucher J, Krajnc A, Iacono L. Passenger kinematics in reclined sitting position in braking and steering manoeuvres. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.768-784.
2023	Iraeus J, Mishra E, Östh J. Comparison of average female and male active HBM responses in whole-sequence frontal crash simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.819-842.
2024	Larsson E, Iraeus J, Davidsson J. Synthetic experiments to investigate occupant variability in braking manoeuvres, a simulation study using Active Human Body Models. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2024; Stockholm, Sweden.806-821.