Female occupants have a significantly greater risk for moderate brain injuries in frontal crashes even after controlling for age, height, BMI, model year, and delta-V of the crash. Current brain injury metrics were developed and tuned to capture the brain deformation response of 50th percentile male anthropometries, but use of these male-derived metrics has not been validated for smaller female occupants. The assessed brain injury metrics (BrIC, UBrIC, and DAMAGE), with parameters tuned using a mid-sized male finite element (FE) model, overpredicted the MPS-95 response of a 5th percentile FE brain model. This study proposes three femalederived brain injury metrics (BrIC-F05, UBrIC-F05, DAMAGE-F05), which were developed using the MPS-95 from a 5th percentile female FE brain model across a range of real-world kinematics, to better predict brain deformation for a smaller occupant. The tuned DAMAGE-F05 brain injury metric had the greatest accuracy (1- NRMSE = 0.787) with a high correlation (R2 = 0.969) for a variety of impact conditions. These F05 brain injury metrics can be used with small female anthropometric test devices to best predict brain deformation for smaller occupants.
Keywords:
Brain biomechanics; brain injury criteria; rotational head kinematics; small female