Cortical thinning and accumulation of large cortical pores in the tibia reflect local structural deterioration of the femoral neck

Iori, Gianluca<sup>1</sup>; Schneider, Johannes<sup>1</sup>; Reisinger, Andreas<sup>2</sup>; Heyer, Frans<sup>3,4</sup>; Peralta, Laura<sup>5,6</sup>; Wyers, Caroline<sup>3,4</sup>; Glüer, Claus C.<sup>7</sup>; van den Bergh, J. P.<sup>3,4</sup>; Pahr, Dieter<sup>2,8</sup>; Raum, Kay<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

²Division Biomechanics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria

³Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands

⁴Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands

⁵Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Sorbonne Universités, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Paris, France

⁶Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK

⁷Sektion Biomedizinische Bildgebung, Klinik für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany

⁸Institute for Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria

Abstract and keywords

Introduction: Cortical bone thinning and a rarefaction of the trabecular architecture represent possible causes of increased femoral neck (FN) fracture risk. Due to X-ray exposure limits, the bone microstructure is rarely measurable in the FN of subjects but can be assessed at the tibia. Here, we studied whether changes of the tibial cortical microstructure, which were previously reported to be associated with femur strength, are also associated with structural deteriorations of the femoral neck.

Methods: The cortical and trabecular architectures in the FN of 19 humans were analyzed ex vivo on 3D microcomputed tomography images with 30.3 μm voxel size. Cortical thickness (Ct.Th_tibia), porosity (Ct.Po_tibia) and pore size distribution in the tibiae of the same subjects were measured using scanning acoustic microscopy (12 μm pixel size). Femur strength during sideways falls was simulated with homogenized voxel finite element models.

Results: Femur strength was associated with the total (vBMDtot; R² = 0.23, p < 0.01) and trabecular (vBMDtrab; R² = 0.26, p < 0.01) volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), with the cortical thickness (Ct.Th_FN; R² = 0.29, p < 0.001) and with the trabecular bone volume fraction (Tb.BV/TV_FN; R² = 0.34, p < 0.001), separation (Tb.Sp_FN; R² = 0.25, p < 0.01) and number (Tb.NFN; R² = 0.32, p < 0.001) of the femoral neck. Moreover, smaller Ct.Th_tibia was associated with smaller Ct.Th_FN (R² = 0.31, p < 0.05), lower Tb.BV/TV_FN (R² = 0.29, p < 0.05), higher Tb.Sp_FN (R² = 0.33, p < 0.05) and lower Tb.NFN (R² = 0.42, p < 0.01). A higher prevalence of pores with diameter > 100 μm in tibial cortical bone (relCt.Po100_μm-tibia) indicated higher Tb.Sp_FN (R² = 0.36, p < 0.01) and lower Tb.NFN (R² = 0.45, p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Bone resorption and structural decline of the femoral neck may be identified in vivo by measuring cortical bone thickness and large pores in the tibia.

Keywords: Cortical bone; Porosity; Bone strength; Finite element analysis; Hip fragility

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115446

PubMed: 32450342

WoS: 000547005800049

History

Received: 2020-01-26

Revised: 2020-05-19

Accepted: 2020-05-19

Online: 2020-05-22

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