Early regional adaptation of periarticular bone mineral density after anterior cruciate ligament injury

Boyd, Steven K.<sup>1</sup>; Matyas, John R.<sup>1</sup>; Wohl, Greg R.<sup>1</sup>; Kantzas, Apostolos<sup>1</sup>; Zernicke, Ronald F.<sup>1</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1N4

²Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1N4

³Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1N4

⁴Department of Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1N4

⁵Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1N4

Abstract and keywords

The present study measured early-stage adaptation of bone mineral (BMD) in the periarticular cancellous bone of the canine knee (stifle) joint after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection (ACLX). Regional changes in BMD in the tibia and femur were analyzed by using quantitative computed tomography (qCT) at 3 wk and 12 wk after unilateral ACLX to determine whether there were focal points for BMD changes and whether these changes occurred early after the induced knee injury. BMD decreased rapidly after ACLX, and the more pronounced response was in the femur. In the 3-wk group, there were decreases in BMD in the tibia and the femur, and these changes were significant in the posterior-medial region of the femur, which showed a decrease of BMD in the ACLX limb (−0.048 ± 0.011 g/cm³). In the 12-wk group, all regions in the tibia and femur exhibited significant decreases in BMD, and the average decrease was greatest in the posterior-medial region of the femur (−0.142 ± 0.021 g/cm³). The regions of pronounced periarticular cancellous BMD adaptation corresponded to observed focal cartilage defects. Early decreases in BMD in the injured knee may be related to altered loading and kinematics in the knee and may be an important link in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis.

Keywords: anterior cruciate ligament transected; canine; dog; knee joint; stifle joint; quantitative computed tomography

Links

DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.6.2359

PubMed: 11090590

WoS: 000165736400036

History

Received: 2000-05-05

Accepted: 2000-06-21

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Cited By (18)

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2004	Andriacchi TP, Mündermann A, Smith RL, Alexander EJ, Dyrby CO, Koo S. A framework for the in vivo pathomechanics of osteoarthritis at the knee. Ann Biomed Eng. March 2004;32(3):447-457.
2023	Xu L, Hu YJ, Peng Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Lu WW, Tang B, Guo XE. Early zoledronate treatment inhibits subchondral bone microstructural changes in skeletally-mature, ACL-transected canine knees. Bone. February 2023;167:116638.
2003	Judex S, Boyd S, Qin Y-X, Miller L, Müller R, Rubin C. Combining high-resolution micro-computed tomography with material composition to define the quality of bone tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep. June 2003;1(1):11-19.
2002	Boyd SK, Müller R, Zernicke RF. Mechanical and architectural bone adaptation in early stage experimental osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Res. April 2002;17(4):687-694.
2021	Hu YJ. Microstructure and Biomechanics of the Subchondral Bone in the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Columbia University; 2021.
2008	Stok K. Biological Quantification of Murine Osteoarticular Joints Following Treatment Using Stem Cell-Based Gene Therapy [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2008.
2008	Webster DJ. A Combined Experimental and Computational Model for Genetic Control of Micro Structural Bone Adaptation [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2008.
2010	Johnston JD. Development of a Non-Invasive Imaging Technique for Characterizing Subchondral Bone Density and Stiffness [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2010.
2002	Wohl GR. Bone Mechanics in Transplanted Osteochondral Grafts [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; September 2002.
2003	Pardy CK. The Effects of Doxycycline on the Mechanical and Morphometric Properties of Early and Established Osteoarthritic Bone in a Canine Model Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; October 2003.
2004	Doschak MR. Bisphosphonate Antiresorptive Drug Use in a Rabbit Model of Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2004.
2007	MacNeil JAM. Clinical Assessment of Bone Quality [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; June 2007.
2017	Bhatla JL. Differences in Bone and Cartilage Between Women With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears and Healthy Controls [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2017.
2019	Kroker AM. The Progression of Bone Microarchitecture Changes Following an Acute Knee Injury in Young Adults [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; March 2019.
2020	Patton DM. Changes in Femoral Structure and Function Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and With Aging [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2020.
2013	Amini M. Stiffness of the Proximal Tibial Bone in Normal and Osteoarthritic Conditions: A Parametric Finite Element Simulation Study [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; January 2013.
2013	Burnett W. Quantitative Computed Tomography Analysis of Patellar Subchondral Bone Density [Master's thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; January 2013.
2018	Burnett WD. Relationships Between Image-Based and Mechanical Bone Properties With Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis [PhD thesis]. University of Saskatchewan; July 2018.