CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of upper cervical spine, II:​ an evaluation on healthy adults and patients with suspected instability

Dvorak, Jiri<sup>1,2</sup>; Hayek, John<sup>2</sup>; Zehnder, Rolf<sup>3</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Neurology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Berne

²Department of Neurology, Klinik W. Schulthess, Zurich

³AO/ASIF Documentation Center, Berne, Switzerland

Abstract and keywords

Nine healthy adults and 43 patients with cervical spine injury were examined by using functional (computerized tomography) CT scanning. The ranges of axial rotation at the levels occiput C0–C1, C1–C2, and C2–C3 were measured. A rotation at C0–C1 greater than 8°; at C1–C2, 56°; or a right-left difference C0–C1 greater than 5° and C1–2 greater than 8° indicates hypermobility. A rotation at segment C1–C2 of less than 28° indicates hypomobility. Surgical stabilization of rotatory instability could be considered as a possible therapeutic procedure.

Keywords: upper cervical spine; trauma; rotatory instability; CT scanning; normal parameters

Links

DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198710000-00002

PubMed: 3686227

WoS: A1987K675900002

History

Accepted: 1986-09-15

Cited Works (1)

Year	Entry
1987	Dvorak J, Panjabi M, Gerber M, Wichmann W. CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of upper cervical spine, I: an experimental study on cadavers. Spine. April 1987;12(3):197-205.

Cited By (17)

Year	Entry
1994	Barnsley L, Lord S, Bogduk N. Whiplash injury. Pain. September 1994;58(3):283-307.
2004	Haug E, Choi H-Y, Robin S, Beaugonin M. Human models for crash and impact simulation. In: Ayache N, ed. Computational Models for the Human Body. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier B.V; 2004:231-452. Ciarlet PG, ed. Handbook of Numerical Analysis; vol 12.
2004	Sundararajan S, Prasad P, Demetropoulos CK, Tashman S, Begeman PC, Yang KH, King AI. Effect of head-neck position on cervical facet stretch of post mortem human subjects during low speed rear end impacts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:331-372. SAE 2004-22-0015.
2000	Bogduk N, Mercer S. Biomechanics of the cervical spine, I: normal kinematics. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). November 2000;15(9):633-648.
1991	Panjabi M, Dvorak J, Crisco JJ III, Oda T, Wang P, Grob D. Effects of alar ligament transection on upper cervical spine rotation. J Orthop Res. July 1991;9(4):584-593.
1991	Dvorak J, Panjabi MM, Novotny JE, Antinnes JA. In vivo flexion/extension of the normal cervical spine. J Orthop Res. November 1991;9(6):828-834.
1988	Panjabi M, Dvorak J, Duranceau J, Yamamoto I, Gerber M, Rauschning W, Bueff HU. Three-dimensional movements of the upper cervical spine. Spine. July 1988;13(7):726-730.
1990	Goel VK, Winterbottom JM, Schulte KR, Chang H, Gilbertson LG, Pudgil AG, Gwon JK. Ligamentous laxity across c0–c1–c2 complex: axial torque-rotation characteristics until failure. Spine. October 1990;15(10):990-996.
2001	Panjabi MM, Crisco JJ, Vasavada A, Oda T, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Shin E. Mechanical properties of the human cervical spine as shown by three-dimensional load-displacement curves. Spine. December 2001;26(24):2692-2700.
2015	Oxland TR. A history of spine biomechanics: focus on 20th century progress. Unfallchirurg. December 2015;118(suppl 1):80-92.
2009	DeRosia JJ. Role of Gender and Size in Biomechanics of Rear Impact Marquette University; May 2009.
2000	Golinski WZ. Three-Dimensional Dynamic Modelling Cervical Spine Human of the in Whiplash Situations [PhD thesis]. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham Trent University; November 2000.
2015	Scicchitano B. Design and Characterisation of an Improved Spinal Canal Occlusion Transducer [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; December 2015.
2006	Panzer MB. Numerical Modelling of the Human Cervical Spine in Frontal Impact [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2006.
2009	Austin H. Wear of PEEK All-Polymer Articulations for Cervical Spinal Disc Arthroplasty [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2009.
2005	Sundararajan S. Effect of Head-Neck Position on Cervical Facet Stretch of Post Mortem Human Subjects During Low Speed Rear End Impacts [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2005.
2007	Reeves NP. Tuning-Out Instability: The Importance of Feedback Control in the Spine [PhD thesis]. Yale University; December 2007.