Biomechanical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurement: a comparison of fresh, fresh-frozen and irradiated bone

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Hamer, A. J.¹; Strachan, J. R.²; Black, M. M.²; Ibbotson, C. J.¹; Stockley, I.¹; Elson, R. A.¹

Biomechanical properties of cortical allograft bone using a new method of bone strength measurement: a comparison of fresh, fresh-frozen and irradiated bone

J Bone Joint Surg. May 1996;78B(3):363-368

©1996 British Editorial Society of Bone and Joint Surgery

Affiliations

¹Northern General Hospital NHS Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU UK

²Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
Abstract

There have been conflicting reports on the effects of gamma irradiation on the material properties of cortical allograft bone. To investigate changes which result from the method of preparation, test samples must be produced with similar mechanical properties to minimise variations other than those resulting from treatment.

We describe a new method for the comparative measurement of bone strength using standard bone samples. We used 233 samples from six cadavers to study the effects of irradiation at a standard dose (28 kGy) alone and combined with deep freezing. We also investigated the effects of varying the dose from 6.8 to 60 kGy (n = 132).

None of the treatments had any effect on the elastic behaviour of the samples, but there was a reduction in strength to 64% of control values (p < 0.01) after irradiation with 28 kGy. There was also a dose-dependent reduction in strength and in the ability of the samples to absorb work before failure

We suggest that irradiation may cause an alteration in the bone matrix of allograft bone, but provided it is used in situations in which loading is within its elastic region, then failure should not occur.
Links

DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.78B3.0780363

PubMed: 8636167

WoS: A1996UM46100004
History

Received: 1995-03-24

Accepted: 1995-09-01

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2005	Kemper AR, McNally C, Kennedy EA, Manoogian SJ, Rath AL, Ng TP, Stitzel JD, Smith EP, Duma SM, Matsuoka F. Material properties of human rib cortical bone from dynamic tension coupon testing. Stapp Car Crash J. 2005;49:199-230. SAE 2005-22-0010.
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2020	Katzenberger MJ, Albert DL, Agnew AM, Kemper AR. Effects of sex, age, and two loading rates on the tensile material properties of human rib cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. February 2020;102:103410.
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1997	Currey JD, Foreman J, Laketić I, Mitchell J, Pegg DE, Reilly GC. Effects of ionizing radiation on the mechanical properties of human bone. J Orthop Res. January 1997;15(1):111-117.
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2006	Charpail E. Analyse du comportement mecanique des cotes humaines en dynamique [Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Human Ribs in Dynamics] [PhD thesis]. Paris, France: l’École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers; October 27, 2006.
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2001	Lee T. Viscoelastic Properties of Biological and High-Damping Composite Materials [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2001.