Orientation dependent fracture toughness of lamellar bone

Peterlik, Herwig<sup>1</sup>; Roschger, Paul<sup>2</sup>; Klaushofer, Klaus<sup>2</sup>; Fratzl, Peter<sup>3</sup>

Affiliations

¹Institute of Materials Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria

²Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, Heinrich-Collin-Straße 30, A-1140 Vienna, Austria

³Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Wissenschaftspark Golm, D-14424 Potsdam, Germany

Abstract and keywords

The critical energy release rate of human bone was determined for different crack propagation directions with three-point-bending tests using controlled crack extension. The local structure was characterised by small-angle X-ray scattering, SEM and polarised light microscopy and related to the energy required for crack extension. It turns out the collagen angle is decisive for switching the fracture behaviour of bone from brittle to quasi-ductile. A significant increase in the critical energy release rate as well as a change of the appearance of the crack path from straight and smooth to deflected and zig-zag is observed.

Keywords: Anisotropy, bone, collagen, critical strain energy release rate, fracture toughness

Links

DOI: 10.1007/s10704-006-6634-z

WoS: 000242158400006

History

Received: 2005-11-07

Revised: 2006-01-09

Cited Works (22)

Year	Entry
2005	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic aspects of fracture and R-curve behavior in human cortical bone. Biomaterials. January 2005;26(2):217-231.
2003	Nalla RK, Kinney JH, Ritchie RO. Mechanistic fracture criteria for the failure of human cortical bone. Nat Mater. 2003;2(3):164-168.
2005	Fantner GE, Hassenkam T, Kindt JH, Weaver JC, Birkedal H, Pechenik L, Cutroni JA, Cidade GAG, Stucky GD, Morse DE, Hansma PK. Sacrificial bonds and hidden length dissipate energy as mineralized fibrils separate during bone fracture. Nat Mater. August 2005;4(8):612-616.
1998	Weiner S, Wagner HD. The material bone: structure-mechanical function relations. Ann Rev Mater Sci. August 1998;28:271-298.
1999	Liu D, Weiner S, Wagner HD. Anisotropic mechanical properties of lamellar bone using miniature cantilever bending specimens. J Biomech. July 1999;32(7):647-654.
1994	Zioupos P, Currey JD. The extent of microcracking and the morphology of microcracks in damaged bone. J Mater Sci. 1994;29(4):978-986.
1992	Fratzl P, Groschner M, Vogl G, Plenk H Jr, Eschberger J, Fratzl-Zelman N, Koller K, Klaushofer K. Mineral crystals in calcified tissues: a comparative study by SAXS. J Bone Miner Res. March 1992;7(3):329-334.
2006	Peterlik H, Roschger P, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. From brittle to ductile fracture of bone. Nat Mater. January 2006;5(1):52-55.
1999	Currey JD. The design of mineralised hard tissues for their mechanical functions. J Exp Biol. December 1999;202(23):3285-3294.
1975	Reilly DT, Burstein AH. The elastic and ultimate properties of compact bone tissue. J Biomech. 1975;8(6):393-405.
2004	Fratzl P, Gupta HS, Paschalis EP, Roschger P. Structure and mechanical quality of the collagen–mineral nano-composite in bone. J Mater Chem. 2004;14(14):2115-2123.
1989	Behiri JC, Bonfield W. Orientation dependence of the fracture mechanics of cortical bone. J Biomech. 1989;22(8-9):863-872.
2005	Gupta HS, Wagermaier W, Zickler GA, Aroush DR-B, Funari SS, Roschger P, Wagner HD, Fratzl P. Nanoscale deformation mechanisms in bone. Nano Lett. October 2005;5(10):2108-2111.
1992	Wagner HD, Weiner S. On the relationship between the microstructure of bone and its mechanical stiffness. J Biomech. November 1992;25(11):1311-1320.
2001	Thompson JB, Kindt JH, Drake B, Hansma HG, Morse DE, Hansma PK. Bone indentation recovery time correlates with bond reforming time. Nature. December 13, 2001;414(6865):773-776.
1989	Martin RB, Ishida J. The relative effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bone strength. J Biomech. 1989;22(5):419-426.
2004	Nalla RK, Kruzic JJ, Ritchie RO. On the origin of the toughness of mineralized tissue: microcracking or crack bridging? Bone. May 2004;34(5):790-798.
1996	Norman TL, Nivargikar SV, Burr DB. Resistance to crack growth in human cortical bone is greater in shear than in tension. J Biomech. August 1996;29(8):1023-1031.
2003	Vashishth D, Tanner KE, Bonfield W. Experimental validation of a microcracking-based toughening mechanism for cortical bone. J Biomech. January 2003;36(1):121-124.
1993	Martin RB, Boardman DL. The effects of collagen fiber orientation, porosity, density, and mineralization on bovine cortical bone bending properties. J Biomech. September 1993;26(9):1047-1054.
2003	Gao H, Ji B, Jäger IL, Arzt E, Fratzl P. Materials become insensitive to flaws at nanoscale: lessons from nature. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. May 13, 2003;100(10):5597-5600.
1996	Zioupos P, Wang XT, Currey JD. The accumulation of fatigue microdamage in human cortical bone of two different ages in vitro. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). October 1996;11(7):365-375.

Cited By (6)

Year	Entry
2015	Wagermaier W, Klaushofer K, Fratzl P. Fragility of bone material controlled by internal interfaces. Calcif Tiss Int. September 2015;97(3):201-212.
2013	Li S, Abdel-Wahab A, Silberschmidt VV. Analysis of fracture processes in cortical bone tissue. Eng Fract Mech. September 2013;110:448.
2013	Li S, Abdel-Wahab A, Demirci E, Silberschmidt VV. Fracture process in cortical bone: X-FEM analysis of microstructured models. Int J Fract. November 2013;184(1):43-55.
2013	Li S. Cutting of Cortical Bone Tissue: Analysis of Deformation and Fracture Process [PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; June 2013.
2013	Morton JJ. An Investigation of Rat Vertebra Failure Behaviour Under Uniaxial Compression Through Time-Lapsed Micro-CT Imaging [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; 2013.
2018	Driver MG. Finite Element Analysis of Cortical Shell Contributions to Apparent Stiffness and the Effect of Vascular Apertures in Rat Vertebrae Under Uniaxial Compression [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; December 2018.