This project developed fit envelopes representing the space occupied by small, medium, and large rear-facing and forward-facing child restraints that can be used as tools for promoting compatibility between vehicles and child restraints. The approach applies the envelope method used by the International Standards Organization (ISO) to the US market, by considering the range of child restraint sizes in the 2014 US market and the more commonly used method of installation with flexible LATCH.

Thirty-one child restraints representing a range of sizes, manufacturers, and product types were scanned and installed in vehicles (Klinich et al. 2015). The installed positions of the child restraints were measured in ten late model vehicles. A comparison of the installed positions of the child restraints in vehicles was done virtually using Hypermesh. Starting with the envelope geometries used by the ISO, envelope shapes were modified to represent small, medium, and large rear-facing and forward-facing child restraints. When possible, envelope dimensions were harmonized with the ISO envelopes. To promote compatibility, child restraints should be able to fit in one or more applicable envelopes at an acceptable orientation when the envelope is rotated 15 degrees relative to horizontal (to represent installed orientations on a typical vehicle seat cushion angle.) To promote compatibility from the vehicle side, at least one rear-facing and one forward-facing envelope should be able to be installed in each vehicle rear seating position. Although the evaluation of fit can be performed virtually using computer-aided design, physical representations of the envelopes were also constructed. Test procedures have been drafted to describe setup of vehicles, child restraints, and the evaluation process.